BRACHIOPODA. 51 



Mr. ScHUCHERT h<as also referred to Syringothyris the species Spirifer extenua- 

 tus. Hall, of the Kinderhook group, for which he regards the Syringothyris Halli, 

 Winchell, a synonym ; and to the same genus, the Cyrtia gigas, Troost, from the 

 lower Carboniferous of Tennessee, though we are without conclusive evidence 

 of the nature of the interior in this fossil. 



Genus SPIRIFERINA, d'Orbigny. 1847. 



PLATES XXXV, XXXVI, XXXIX. 



1847. Spiriferina, d'Orbiont. Comptes rendus, vol. xxv, p. 268. 



1850. SpiriferiTia, d'Orbigny. Annates des Sciences Natui-elles, vol. xiii, p. 334. 



1852. Spiri/er, Hall. Slansbury's Expl. and Survey of the Valley of the Great Salt Lake of Utah, 

 p. 409, pi. iv, tig'. 4. 



1854. Spiriftrina, Davidson. British Fossil Brachiopoda, p. 82, pi. vi, tig. 60. 



1855. Spirifer, Shcmard. Geology of Missouri, vol. i, p. 203. 



1856. Spirifer, Norwood and Hrattbn. Journal Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, vol. iii, p. 71, pi. ix, 



fig. 1. 



1866. Spirifer, Hall. Pacific Railroad Repoi-ts, vol. iii, p. 102, pi. ii, figs. 10, 11. 



1858. Spiriferina, Shumard. Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. i, pp. 294, 391. 



1858. Spirifer, Hall. Transactions of the Albany Institute, vol. iv, p. 7. 



1858. Spirifer, Hall. Geology of Iowa, vol. i, part ii, p. 706, pi. xxvii, fig. 5. 



1859. Spirifer, Mbkk and Haydbn. Pi-oc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, vol. iii, sec. ser., p. 27. 



1860. Spirifera, Mbkk. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, vol. iv, sec. sei-., p. 310. 

 I860. Spirifera, Whitb. Journal Boston Society Nat. Hist., vol. vii, p. 232. 



1860. Spirifera, McChbsnby. New Palteozoic Fossils, pp. 42, 43. 



1862. Spiriferina, Whitb. Proc. Boston Society Nat. Hist., vol. ix, pp. 24, 25. 



1863. Spiriferina, Davidsow. Quart. Journal Geol. Society London, vol. xix, p. 170, pi. ix, fig. 6. 



1864. Spiriferina, Mbbk. Palieontology Upper Missouri, p. 19. 



1865. Spiriferina, A. Wikchkll. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci , Philadelphia, vol. ix, sec. ser., pp. 119, 120. 



1866. Spirifer, Swallow. Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. ii, p. 489. 



1866. Spirifer, Gki.nitz. Carbon und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 45, pi. iii, fig. 19. 

 186!'. Spirifera, MoChkssky. Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. i, p. 34, pi. vi, fig. 3. 

 1872. Spiriferina, Mbbk. Hayilen's U. S. Geol. Survey of Nebraska, p. 185, pi. vi, fig. 3 ; pi. viii, 

 fig. 11. 



1874. Spiriferina, Dbrby. Bull. Cornell University, vol. i, p. 28, pi. ii, figs. 4-6, 13 ; pi. iii, figs. 12-14, 



17; pi. V, fig. 4 ; pi. vi, figs. 8, 13, 14. 



1875. Spiriferina, White. Wheeler's Geogr. Surveys West of the 100th Meridian, vol. iv, pp. 138, 



139, pi. X, figs. 4, 8. 



1876. Spirifera, Mbek. Simpson's Rept. Expl. Great Basin of the Terr, of Utah, p. 352, pi. ii, fig. 1. 



1877. Spiriferina, Mkbk. King's U. S. Geol. Expl. 40th Parallel, vol. iv, pp. 84, 85, pi. viii, fig. 1, 5 ; 



pi. xii, fig. 12. 



1877. Spirifera {Spiriferina f). Hall and Whitfibld. King's U. 8. Geol. Expl. 40th Parallel, vol. iv, 



p. 281, pi. vi, fig. 17. 



1878. Spiriferina, Dawson. Acadian Geology, third e<i., p. 291, fig. 90. 



1878. Spiriferina, Ethbridob. Quart. Joui-nal Geol. Society London, vol. xxxiv, p. 269. 



1882. Spiriferina, Whitfibld. Bull. American Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. i, p. 48, pi. vi, figs. IH, 17. 



1883. Spir{ferina. Hall. Twelfth Rept. State Geol. Indiana, p. 327, pi. xxix, figs. 16, 17. 



