138 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW YORK. 



in the cordilleras of Bolivia; and Ulrich has cited a large list of additional 

 localities which indicate its general and abundant occurrence in that country. 

 It hiis not been reported in the rich lower and middle Devonian faunas of the 

 Amazonas, but occurs at Ponta Grossa, Brazil. Salter identified it as Orthis 

 palmata among some palaeozoic fossils from South Africa, and Ulrich suggests 

 that a similar shell from the Cape, referred to by Murchison* and subsequently 

 by DE VernecilI as Orthis calladis, is probably this species. 



Of the three species so intimately associated in the Bolivian Devonian, 

 Leptocalia flabellites, Vitulina pustulosa, and Tropidoleptus carinatus, the last is 

 the only one which occurs in European or Asian faunas; all occur in South 

 Africa in faunas which are probably of lower Devonian age. In North 

 America, this association is broken, and Leptoccelia disappears with the early 

 Devonian ; Tropidoleptds and Vitulina appearing only with the introduction 

 of the Hamilton fauna. 



Genus VITULINA, J Hall. 1860. 



SUPPLEMENTARY PLATE. 



1860. Vitulina, Hall Thii'teenth Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 72, figs. 1, 2 ; p. 82. 



1862. VUulina, Hall. Fifteenth Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 187. 



1867. Vitulina, Hall. Palaeontology of New York, vol. iv, pp. 409-411, pi. Ixii, figs. 1, a-i. 



1874. Vitulina, Rathbds. Bull. Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, vol. i, p. 255, pi. ix. 



1876. Vitulina, Dsrbt. Bull. Museum Harvard College, vol. iii, No. 12, p. 282. 



1881. Vitulina, Rathbcn. Proc. Boston Society of Natui-al History, vol. xx, p. 36. 



1890. Vitulina, Derby. Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, vol. ix, p. 76. 



1891. VUulina, Ulrich. Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, etc., p. 273. 



1892. VituliTia, Ulrich. Neues Jahrbuch fUr Mineralogie, etc., Beilageband iii, p. 71, pi. iv, figs. 



26-29. 



The nature of the widely distributed little species Vitulina pustulosa, Hall, 

 has never been fully understood. When the generic characters were first 

 described their similarities to both Leptoccelia and Tropidoleptus were sug- 

 gested, but these were not reiterated with the more detailed description and 



* Silurian System, p. 701. 



t Bull. .Society G6ol. France, vol xi, p. 166. 1840. 



I This name is said liy Dall to have been employed by Swainson in 1840 for a genus of Qastropoila, 

 but it does not appear in the later conchological manuals. See Dall, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 8, p. 75. 

 This is possibly in ei-ror for Vitolarta, Swainson. 1840. 



