PLATE LIII. 



Fknestella (Unitkypa) pernodosa. 



Page 120. 



Fi(f. 1. A portion of the iion-celliilifei"ous face of a frond, natural size. 



Fiff. 2. A portion of another specimen enlarffed. showing the irregulaj" nodes. (X 6.) 



Pi(f. 3. A similar si>ecimen, with stronger nodes. (X 6.) 



Pig. 4. A 8j)ecimen, which has been macerated, showing the striated structure of the branch, beneath the 

 surface, on the non-celluliferous side. (X 6.) 



Fig. !5. An oblique view of two branches of fig. 2, showing the form and arrangement of the nodes. (X 6.) 



Fig. 6. The cellulifei-ous face of a fragment from which the carinre and scahp have been removed, .show- 

 ing the sinuous form of the branches on this face. (X G.) 



Fig. 7. The summits of the canna> with the oblique subtubular openings to the interior of the frond, 

 formed by the oblique transvei'se seal*. (X 6.) 



Fig. (*. A similar view, showing a moi-e irregular arrangement, in which the summits of the carin.-e are 

 not continuous in right lines. (X 6.) 



Fig. 9. A view of a specimen similar to tig. 7. in which the czarina;, scaliE and outer portion of the cellu- 

 liferous test have bt-en removed from the lower half, a.s shown in the figure, exposing the 

 interior of the branches. (X 6.) 



Fig. 10. The i-evei-se of the preceding, as shown in a natural mould in the rock. (X <i.) 



Fig. 11. The cellnliferous face of a specimen, showing the structure of the frond ; the lower part of the 

 figure shows the cellnliferous face with two rows of cell apertures on each branch ; above 

 this the figure i-epresents the specimen with the celluliferous crust removied, exposing the 

 interior of the branches ; the central portion shows the filling of exti-aneous matter occujiying 

 the oblique tubes formed by the carina; and scala; which have bei-n removed by solution ; 

 in the upper right-hand portion of the figure, the summits of the carinie and scate are repre- 

 sented. (X 6.) 



Upper Helderberg group. tValpole, Ontarw, Canada. 



Fknestklla (Unitrypa) elegantissima. 



Page 140. 

 Fig. 12. The non-celluliferous face of a fragment, natural size. 



Fig. 13. An enlargement from the preceding, showing the single row of small nodes on each branch. (X 6.) 

 Fig. 14. The non-cellulifei"Ous face of a specimen imbeilded in the rock ; the branches have t)een i-emoved 



from the lower left-hand portion, exposing the bases of the carina; and the under side of the 



scalffi. (X 6.) 

 Fig. 15. An oblique ^^ew of two branches, showing the elevation of the nodes. (X fi.) 

 Fig. It;. The celluliferous face of the branches with the carinae and scala; removed. (X "■) 

 Fig. 17. The celluliferous aspect of a fragment. The principal i>art of the figure shows the summits of 



the carina; and the scalse, leaving tuV)ular openings into the interior. On the upper portion of 



the figure the cai-inje are removed, exposing the celluliferous face of the branches. (X 6.) 

 Upper Helderberg group. Walpole, Ontario, (JaiMda. 



