THE TREES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 43 



large. The timber must be resinous, or it would not 

 be good ; and it must be durable, or it would not 

 serve for the masts and otlier great spars of sliips of 

 war, exposed to alternations of wetting and drying, 

 and for which the best materials only are permitted 

 to be used. The grain of this heart-wood is not gen- 

 erally very coarse, but more so than the Long-leaf^ 

 and still more than the Short-leaf [or] Yelloiv Pine.''' 

 7. Long-leaf Pine. (P. australis, Michx.) — The 

 invaluable tree by which tlie country, and this State 

 especially, have so largely profited, is generally 

 known among us by the name here given, though it 

 sometimes is called Yellotv Pine. In the navy and 

 dock yards of the country it bears the latter name, 

 though this designation there includes also the Swamp 

 or Rosemary Pine^ as well as the species lirst de- 

 scribed in this list. It begins to appear in the south- 

 eastern part of Virginia, and from thence to Florida 

 it is eminently the tree of the lower districts of the 

 Southern States, occupying nearly all tlie dry sandy 

 soil for many hundred miles. It is from 60 to 70 

 feet liigh, in favorable situations still higher, and 15 

 to 20 inches in diameter. The leaves are 10 to 15 

 in dies long, on young stocks sometimes much longer, 

 and clustered on the ends of the branches like a 

 broom. The cones are 6 to 8 inches long. The wood 

 contains very little sap. The resinous matter is dis- 

 tributed ver}^ uniforml}' through it, and hence the 

 wood is more durable, stronger, and more compact ; 

 which qualities, in addition to its being of fine grain, 



