128 



AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 134, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



.Siiniiiiar> 



(1) Theoi-etically, the central evai)orator plant 

 is sound economically for both the plant 

 investor and the suppliers of sap. 



(2) Locate it on an accessible, hard-surfaced, 

 touri.st-traveled road. 



{'.i) The plant need not be larp:e, but the larger 

 the plant, the larger the returns. Central 

 evaporator plants are readily expanded. 



(4) The most common plant is one using oil 

 fuel for the bulk of the sap evaporation 

 and high-pressure steam for the last stage 

 of the evaporation. 



(5) Utilize automation where jwssible. 



(6) Sap should be purchased on the basis of its 

 Brix value and volume or weight. The 

 price of sap should be on a sliding scale, 

 vai-ying with the " Brix of the sap. 



(7) Standards of production should be set for 

 sap producers. 



(8) Sap storage facilities must be adequate to 

 handle a maximum day's run from all of 

 the sap suppliers. 



(9) Sap tanks should be located in a cool place, 

 easily accessible for washing and sanitiz- 

 ing. Tanks should be provided with germi- 

 cidal lamps to prevent sap deterioration by 

 microbial s{X)ilage. 



(10) Bulk storage of sirup can be in large tanks 

 protected by germicidal lamps or in 5-gal- 

 lon tins or 30-gallon drums. 



(11) Sirup for retail trade should be mixed to 

 obtain a standard color and density and 

 packaged at 190P F. 



(12) Increased returns from the plant will re- 

 sult from extending its use throughout the 

 year by manufacturing confections, cus- 

 tom-packaging sirup, and preparing gift 

 packages of assorted maple products. 



REFERENCES CITED 



(1) Anonymous. 



1975. SAP PRICES. Natl. Maple Syrup Digest 14 

 (1): 6. 

 (la)ABDUL-WAHAB, N. S., HaBIB, A. T., and BROWN, 

 H. D. 

 1957. THE INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON 

 FLAVOR, COLOR AND SOME CHEMICAL CON- 

 STITUENTS OF MAPLE SYRUP. Amer. Soc. 

 Hort. Sci. Proc. 69: 480-484. 



(2) Arnold, E. L. 



1960. using water pumps for gathering ma- 

 PLE SAP. Vt. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 616, 2.3 pp. 



(3) BaGGLEY, G. F., and MaCHWART, G. M. 



1947. MAPLE SYRUP MANUFACTURE, USING A 

 VACUUM EVAPORATOR. Interdepartmental 

 Communication of Michigan College of Min- 

 ing and Technology, 28 pp. [Processed.] 



(4) Balch, R. T. 



1930. MAPLE SIRUP COLOR STANDARDS. Indus, 

 and Engin. Chem. 22: 255-257, illus. 



(5) Bell, R. D. 



1955. costs and returns in producing and 

 marketing maple products in new york 

 STATE. Cornell Univ., Dept. Agr. Econ., A. 

 E. 1016, 43 pp., illus. (Processed.! 



(6) Betts, H. S. 



1945. MAPLE (ACER SPECIES). U.S. Forest Serv., 

 Amer. Woods ISer.l, 12 pp., illus. 



(7) Blum, B. M., and KOELUNG, M. R. 



1968. VACUUM PUMPING INCREASES SAP YIELDS 

 FROM SUGAR MAPLE TREES. U.S. Forest 

 Serv., Northeast. Forest Expt. Sta., Res. Pa- 

 per NE-106. 14 pp. 



(8) Bond. A. D. 



1948. COSTS AND RETURNS IN PRODUCING MAPLE 

 SYRUP; 20 FARMS, NEW YORK, 1947. N.Y. 

 Univ. Dept. Agr. Econ. and Farm Mangt., A. 

 E. 661, 13 pp., illus. [Processed.] 



(9) BRICE, B. a., and TURNER, A., jR. 



1956. GLASS COLOR STANDARDS FOR MAPLE SIR- 

 UP. Jour. Optic. Soc. Amer. 46: 293-299. 



(10) Turner, a., Jr., Southerland, F. L., and 



BOSTWICK, E. p. 

 1950. permanent glass COLOR STANDARDS FOR 

 maple sirup. U.S. Bur. Agr. and Indus. 

 Chem. AIC-260, ]4] pp., illus. [Processed.] 



(11) Burns, M., and Personious, C. J. 



1962. using maple sirup. N.Y. (Cornell) Agr. 

 Ext. Serv. Bui. 985, 8 pp. 



(12) Canada Department of Agriculture. 



1961. maple syrup, sugar, butter, taffy. 

 Canada Dept. Agr. Pub. 1096, 23 pp. 

 (1.3) Ching, T. M., and Mericle, L. W. 



1960. SOME EVIDENCE OF PREMATURE STOPPAGE 

 OF SUGAR MAPLE PRODUCTION. Forest Sci. 

 6: 270-275. 

 (14) COLUNGWOOD, G. H., COPE, J. A., and RaSMUSSEN, 

 M. P. 

 1935. THE PRODUCTION OF MAPLE SIRUP AND 

 SUGAR IN NEW YORK STATE. N.Y. Agr. Col. 

 (Cornell) Ext. Bui. 167, 78 pp., illus. (Rev.) 

 (1.5) Connelly, J. A. 



1969. TWO AUTOMATIC SIRUP DRAWOFF CON- 

 TROLLERS. U.S. Agr. Res. Serv. ARS 73-60, 

 12 pp. 



