PANTHOLOPIN^E 17 



SUBFAMILY xiii. PANTHOLOPIN^E. 



Kepresented by a single existing species, of somewhat 

 larger size than the saiga. Horns (wanting in females) long, 

 erect, and compressed, diverging at first slightly and then 

 more markedly, with an evenly forward heteronymous curve 

 towards the tips, which are often a little turned in, heavily 

 ridged on front surface for their basal two-thirds ; tail short ; 

 nose slightly bent downwards, and much inflated laterally, at 

 least in males, with the nostrils normally placed; muzzle 

 hairy ; face-glands and foot-glands* wanting ; inguinal glands 

 very large and deep, opening at a distance from the single 

 pair of teats ; no knee-tufts ; lateral hoofs present ; feet of 

 the general type of those of the Oreotragince (vol. ii, p. 122), 

 with a strong backward fold in the interungual membrane, 

 in correlation with the full development of the hind part 

 (" heel ") of the lower surface, and the integument itself hairy 

 as far down as the " heel-tie " ; tail short. Skull with a 

 relatively large nasal aperture (smaller than in Saiga), but 

 without distinct supraorbital pits or lachrymal depressions ; 

 two pairs of upper and lower premolars in adult, f 



The single generic representative of this subfamily, 

 together with Saiga and ^Epyceros, was included by Sclater 

 and Thomas in the Antilopince. Pocock remarks, however, 

 that in the present genus " the integumental web which ties 

 the hoofs together is as deep and strong as in cattle (Bos) or 

 elands (Taurotragus), and the feet are quite different from 

 those of typical gazelles. . . ; and the hoofs clearly have 

 nothing like the extension seen in the feet of sheep and 

 goats." Although exhibiting some relationship to Saiga, 

 it is considered by the same writer that Pantholops should 

 be allowed, at least provisionally, separate subfamily rank. 



The range is confined to the plateau of Tibet, where, in 

 addition to the existing form, the single genus appears to be 

 represented by an extinct species from the later Tertiary 



* Teste Pocock. 



f This was first pointed out by Pousargues, Mem. Soc. ZooL 

 France, vol. xi, p. 174. Whether the missing teeth are developed in 

 the young and subsequently shed, as is the case with the anterior pair 

 of lower premolars in Saiga, does not appear to be ascertained. 



III. C 



