2 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES 



glands in the hind-feet may be present, and in the Virginian 

 deer there are also interdigital glands in the fore-feet. 



In the Old World the range extends from the neighbour- 

 hood of the Arctic Circle southwards to the Mediterranean 

 islands, the extreme north-west of Africa, the Malay Archi- 

 pelago, and the Philippines : in the New World it includes 

 the entire mainland of North and South America. .The precise 

 eastern limits of the family in the Austro-Malay area cannot 



FIG. 1. LOWER FRONT TEETH OF ELK (Alces alces). 

 From Miller, Cat. Mamm. Western Europe. 



be defined, owing to the transportation by the Malays of 

 species from one island to another. 



The family is divisible into the two following subfamily 

 groups .: 



A. Liver with a gall-bladder ; a caudal gland in male ; no 



face-glands, foot-glands, or antlers Moschince. 



B. Liver without a gall-bladder ; no caudal gland ; face- 



glands,* foot-glands,f at least in hind-limbs, and 



antlers J usually present Cervinw. 



* Wanting in Capreolus. 



f Wanting in Pudu. 



^ Wanting in Hydrogotes, 



