CERVID.E 9 



present ; * hemispheres of brain with numerous convo- 

 lutions ; antlers present, except in Hydropotcs ; foot-glands 

 usually present ; f no caudal or preputial glands. 



The following is a "key," mainly based on external 

 characters, to genera here recognised : 



A. Antlers absent in females ; muzzle with at least 

 a small bare muffle. 



a. Upper canines tusk-like in males. 



a 1 . Antlers wanting ; naviculo-cuboid and cunei- 

 form bones of tarsus separate Hydropotes. 



6 1 . Antlers present, surmounting long pedicles 

 and relatively small ; naviculo-cuboid and 

 cuneiform bones of tarsus united. 

 a 2 . Antler-pedicles continued downwards as 



prominent converging frontal ridges Muntiacus. 



V. Antler-pedicles divergent, not continued 



downwards as prominent frontal ridges Elaphodus. 



b. Upper canines, when present, not tusk-like. 



b l . Lateral metacarpals represented by their upper 



extremities. J 



6 2 . Antlers with a simple basal or sub-basal 

 brow-tine, and at least two other tines ; 

 tail short or medium. 



6 3 . Antlers markedly palmate ; upper canines 

 wanting ; hoofs of hind-feet united only 



at " heels " by a close fold of skin Dama. 



c 3 . Antlers not markedly palmate ; upper 

 canines generally present || ; hind-hoofs 

 united nearly throughout their basal 



depth by a deep interungual web Cervus. 



e 2 . Antlers not forking till some distance above 

 base, and the front tine again forked ; tail 



long Elaphurus. 



c 1 . Lateral metacarpals represented by their lower 



extremities. 

 c 2 . Vomer not dividing posterior aperture of 



nostrils into two chambers. 

 c 3 . Antlers diverging at an angle of about 40 

 to mid frontal suture, 3-tined ; face-glands 

 wanting ; muzzle normal ; tail rudi- 

 mentary Capreolus. 



d 3 . Antlers diverging nearly at right angles 

 to mid frontal suture ; many tined and 

 often palmate ; face-glands present ; 

 muzzle pendulous, with very small bare 

 muffle ; tail short Alces. 



* Wanting in Capreolus and one species of P-ndn. 



f Wanting in Pudu. 



j Occasionally wanting. 



See vol. i, p. 172. 



|| Wanting in subgenus Hyelaplius, and occasionally Axis. 



