48 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES 



It may be divided into the following subgenera : 



A. A specialised gland, forming a moderately deep cleft 



on front of hind-pasterns; upper canines often 

 wanting. Antlers 3-tined ; tail long. 



a. Build taller and size larger; gland-cleft on hind- 



pasterns without long hairs ; upper canines present 



or absent ; coat spotted at all seasons Axis. 



b. Build lower and size smaller ; gland-cleft on hind- 



pasterns lined with long hairs ; upper canines 



wanting ; coat spotted only in summer, or uniform Hyelaphus. 



B. Typically no specialised gland or deep cleft on front of 



hind-pasterns ; upper canines usually present. 



a. Muffle extending some distance below nostrils; 



antlers normally 3-tined ; tail relatively long and 

 bushy; coat usually uniform (spotted in C. 

 alfredi) Rusa. 



b. Muffle extending but slightly below nostrils. 



a'. Tail longer; coat fully spotted, at least in 



winter ; antlers usually 4-tined, without a bez Sika. 

 b' . Tail short ; coat wholly or mainly unspotted. 

 a". Antlers lacking bez and third tines, typically 

 forked dichotomously, with at least 4 tines ; 



no light rump-patch : Rucervus. 



b". Antlers usually 5-tined, including a bez; a 



light rump-patch or area on back of hams... Cervus. 



1. SlTBGENUS AXIS. 



Axis, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. v, p. 312, 1827 ; 



Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 79, 1872 ; Riitimeyer, Abh. 



schweiz. pal. Ges. vol. viii, p. 44, 1881 ; PococTc, Proc. Zool. Soc. 



1910, pp. 948 and 971. 

 Melanaxis, Heude, Mem. Hist. Nat. Emp. Chinois, vol. ii, p. 47, 1888. 



Eepresented by a medium-sized species, with long, 

 3-tined antlers, in which the brow-tine forms a right angle 

 with the beam, and a gland on the front of the hind-pasterns 

 contained in a moderately deep cleft, which is not lined with 

 long hairs ; metatarsal gland bare and overlapped by a row 

 of marginal hairs ; coat short and spotted at all seasons, not 

 forming a mane on neck ; ears and face-glands moderate ; 

 muffle extending some distance below nostrils ; tail long and 

 slender ; upper canines generally wanting ; auditory bullse 

 moderate. 



In the presence of a gland-bearing cleft on the front of 

 the hind-pasterns (to say nothing of the spotted coat and the 

 general absence of upper canines) this subgenus resembles 



