7.4 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES 



B. Face shorter ; shanks light. 



a. Size nearly as large as in typical race C. u. dejeani. 



b. Size smaller C. u. swinhoei. 



c. Size still smaller ; shoulder-height not exceed- 



ing about 28 inches. 



a'. Size larger (28 inches) ; conspicuous mous- 

 tache-markings ; chin white C. u, philippinus 



(and mariannus} . 



b'. Size smaller, not exceeding 26 inches. 

 a". Limbs and under-parts darker. 



a 3 . Shoulder-height 24 to 26 inches ; no 

 moustache-markings ; skull and teeth 



larger C. u. nigricans. 



6 3 . Shoulder-height about 25 inches ; con- 

 spicuous moustache-markings ; skull 



and teeth smaller, C. u. nigellus. 



b". Limbs and under-parts lighter C. u. boninensis. 



A. Cervus unieolor unicolor. 



Cervus unicolor typicus, Lydekker, Deer of All Lands, p. 146, pi. x, 

 1898, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 224, 1907 ; Ward, Records 

 of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 60, 1910, ed. 7, p. 62, 1914. 



Cervus unicolor unicolor, Lydekker, Cat. Hume Bequest Brit. Mus. 

 p. 37, 1913. 



Typical locality Ceylon ; the range including India, and. 

 probably extending eastwards as far as the Assam valley, 

 where this race may be separated by the Bramaputra from 

 the next, with which, however, it may locally intergrade. 

 Ceylon sambar are smaller than the mainland form. 



Size very large, the height at the shoulder reaching at 

 least 5 feet 4 inches ; antlers (fig. 17) long, with the two 

 tines of the terminal fork generally of approximately equal 

 length, but if unequal, the front one usually the shorter, and 

 the hind one rising from the posterior surface of the beam 

 and not forming the continuation of the axis of the latter ; 

 general colour almost uniformly dark umber-brown, tending 

 to grey or yellowish in some individuals ; under-parts little 

 paler than the back, but chin, inner portion of buttocks, 

 lower surface of tail, and inner sides of upper part of limbs 

 more or less distinctly chestnut ; females paler ; young 

 reddish, apparently with a black tail and dorsal band, but 

 spots wanting ; ears very broad, equal to about half the length 

 of the head ; the latter relatively long, with a nearly straight 

 profile ; tail moderately bushy, and longer than ear. Fine 



