106 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES 



Pseudaxis, Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mua. p. 70, 1872 ; Brooke, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 907; Lydekker, Deer of All Lands, 

 p. 110, 1898 ; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 943. 



Elaphoceros, Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. Ixviii, pt. i, 

 p. 602, 1873, vol. Ixix, pt. 1, p. 596, 1874. 



Sikaillus, Heude, Mem. Hist. Nat. Emp. Chinois, vol. iv, p. 98, 1898. 



Sikailus, Heude, op. cit. p. 110, 1898, errorim. 



Sica, Trouessart, Cat. Mamm. p. 878, 1898. 



Medium-sized or rather small deer, nearly related to the 

 next (typical) subgenus, but with the antlers smaller and 

 simpler than is usually the case in that group, more or less 

 flattened, and generally 4-tined (occasionally 5-tined), with 

 a third, but no bez-tine; face-glands shallower; coat of 

 adult spotted with yellow or white, at least in summer, and 

 a pure white area bordered with black in the region of the 

 tail, which is also white and black, and considerably longer 

 than in the typical subgenus ; young more or less distinctly 

 white-spotted ; metatarsal tuft generally whitish ; throat 

 maned ; head shorter than in preceding group ; ears 

 moderate ; bared portion of muzzle larger than in preceding 

 group, extending well on to the upper surface of the face, 

 and being very wide between nostrils and upper lip ; hind- 

 pasterns as in typical subgenus ; rudimentary upper canines 

 present; upper molars of the general type of those of the 

 typical group. In the growing antlers the " velvet " is deep 

 red, passing into black at the tips of the tines, and matching 

 the summer coat ; the white hairs in the neighbourhood of 

 the tail are erectile. 



At the present day the group is confined to the south- 

 eastern portion of the Eastern Holarctic and some adjacent 

 parts of the Oriental Eegion, but it was apparently 

 represented in Europe during the Pliocene section of the 

 Tertiary period. 



The three species are recognisable as follows : 



A. Size smaller. 



a. Spots disappearing in winter ; metatarsal 



tuft white Cervus nippon. 



b. Spots persistent in winter ; metatarsal 



tuft apparently not white Cervus taouanus. 



B. Size larger, metatarsal gland, except in centre, 



coloured like rest of shank Cervus liortulorwm . 



