156 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES 



Cariacus virginianus, Lesson, Nouv. Tabl. RegneAnim., Mamm. p. 173, 



1842 ; Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 175, 1843, Proc. Zool. Soc. 



1850, p. 238, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 228, 1852, Cat. Rumi- 



nants Brit. Mus. p. 83, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. 



p. 83, 1873 ; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 266, 1862 ; 



Garrod, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 18 ; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 



1878, p. 919 ; Alston, Biol. Centr. Amer., Mamm. p. 115, 1879 ; 



Sclater, List Anim. Zool. Gardens, p. 172, 1883 ; Merriam, 



Mammals of Adirondacks, p. 107, 1884 ; Flower and Garson, 



Cat. Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg. pt. ii, p, 322, 1884 ; True, Proc. 



U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. vii, p. 592, 1885; Flower and Lydekker, 



Study of Mammals, p. 329, 1891 ; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, 



p. 346, 1893 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 2, p. 55, 1896. 

 Reduncina virginiana, Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. Ixviii, 



pt. 1, p. 357, 1873, vol. Ixxviii, pt. 1, p. 313, 1879. 

 Cervus (Cariacus) virginianus, Herrick, Mamm. Minnesota, p. 281, 



1892. 

 Cariacus americanus, Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. x, 



p. 25, 1896. 

 Dorcelaphus americanus, Rhoads, Proc. Ac. Sci. Philad. 1897, p. 208 ; 



Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 962. 



Mazama americana, Lydekker, Deer of All Lands, p. 249, pi. xx, 1898. 

 Odocoileus americanus, Miller, Bull. N. York State Mus. vol. vi, 



p. 299, 1899, List N. Amer. Mamm. p. 386, 1912 ; Elliot, Synop. 



Mamm. N. Amer. (Field Mus. Zool. Pub. vol. ii) p. 39, 1901 ; 



Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1913, p. 783. 

 Mazama (Dorcelaphus) americana, Lydekker, Great and Small Game 



of Europe, etc. p. 339, 1901 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, 



p. 103, 1910. 

 Odocoileus virginianus, Stone and Cram, American Animals, p. 34, 



1903 ; Scharff, Origin of Life in America, p. 108, 1911 ; Gary, 



N. Amer. Fauna, no. 33, p. 55, 1911. 

 Odontocoelus americanus, Elliot, Mamm. Mid. Amer. and W. Indies 



(Field Mus. Zool. Pub. vol. iv), p. 70, 1904, Cat. Mamm. Field 



Mus. (ibid. vol. viii) p. 46, 1907. 

 Mazama (Odocoileus) virginianus, Lydekker, Ward's Records of Big 



Game, ed. 7, p. 101, 1914. 



WHITE-TAILED, or VIRGINIAN, DEER. 







Typical locality Virginia. 



Build light and graceful, with long body and limbs; 

 height variable, ranging from about 3 feet 1 inch to 26 inches 

 at the shoulder ; antlers with a long sub-basal snag, above 

 which the beam abruptly curves forwards, and soon after 

 forks dichotomously, posterior prong of main fork upright 

 and generally undivided, anterior, or lower, prong again 

 forking, with its lower division also forked, the whole antler 

 in advance of the sub-basal tine having the appearance of 

 a horizontal beam with three nearly vertical tines arising 



