262 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES 



In referring all the unspotted chevrotains (with a possible 

 reservation in the case of one or two forms) to three specific 

 types or groups, the writer follows the lead of Bonhote, who 

 in 1903 stated that he could not agree with those who, while 

 using trinomials for continental races, refuse to allow them 

 for insular races, on the plea that, as intermediate forms do 

 not exist, they must be regarded as separate species. On the 

 contrary, it is in every way much simpler and easier to look 

 upon island forms, which are extraordinarily numerous, in 

 the light of local races, or incipient species, referable to a few 

 variable specific types. When these races are very numerous, 

 this renders it practically impossible to give a full definition 

 of the species, or a " key " to its local forms ; and in such 

 cases the only course is to give the leading characteristics of 

 the typical form under the specific heading, and the local 

 variations from this type under the headings of the \ arious 

 races. Even size cannot be taken as a definite specific 

 character, since one of the island forms included under the 

 heading of the larger T. javanicus is scarcely superior in 

 stature to the smaller T. Jcanchil. 



I. TEAGULUS MEMINNA. 



Moschus meminna, Erxleben, Syst. Eegn. Anim. p. 322, 1777 ; Sykes, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. 1831, p. 104; Elliot, Madras Journ. vol. x, 

 p. 220, 1839 ; TicJcell, Calcutta Journ. Nat. Hist. vol. i, p. 420, 

 1841 ; Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xi, p. 96, 1842 ; 

 Tennent, Nat. Hist. Ceylon, p. 58, 1861. 



Meminna indica, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 63, List Mamm. 

 Brit. Mus. p. 172, 1843, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 246, 1852, 

 Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 97, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants 

 Brit. Mus. p. 167, 1873 ; Kelaa.rt, Prodromus Faunae Zeylan. 

 p. 81, 1852 ; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 269, 

 1862 ; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. Mus. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, p. 155, 1863 ; 

 Jerdon, Mamm. India, p. 269, 1867 ; McMaster, Notes on Jerdon, 

 p. 98, 1870; Sterndale, Mamm. India, p. 516, 1884. 



Tragulus mimenoides, Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. x, 

 p. 914, 1841. 



Meminna malaccensis, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 172, 1843. 



Tragulus meminna,* Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. ser. 5, 

 vol. ii, p. 160, pi. x, 1864 ; Blyth, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 483 ; 

 W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 189, 1891 ; 

 Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 385 ; Blanford, Fauna Brit. 

 India, Mamm. p. 555, 1891 ; Flower and LydekTter, Study of 



* Frequently spelt memminna. 



