CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING. 45 



all his milk to whichever purpose applied. His summer average in quantity 

 quarts per cow and in winter 8 quarts per cow per day. 



Probably the publication of facts in relation to the management on this farm will 

 lead to the conviction being entertained that dairy farinevs in general do not feed high 

 enough. This is especially true of those who convert their milk to butter. Their 

 profits thoroughly depend on the high quality, not quantity, ofthemilk the large propor- 

 tion and thickness of the cream. Consequently the addition of Bomo oil-cake or maize 

 meal to the ordinary food would be almost sure to pay, yet it is undeniable that on 

 wretchedly poor pastures milch cows are seldom, in ordinary farming, allowed cotton 

 cake, maize meal, or anything else supplementary, although the milk they yield is 

 appropriated to butter-making. A farmer of the advanced school said a little time 

 since, " I cannot aiford to let my cows which yield milk feed on grass alone," utter- 

 ing these words because he saw that parsimony in their feeding would be the greatest 

 possible extravagance. A similar rule applies almost throughout the entire domain 

 of farm husbandry, for not only the most liberal feeding, but bountiful manuring and 

 highest management, will bo found in moat cases to be attended with the greatest 

 economy. 



This feeding I have no doubt will astonish the American farmer,.but 

 it has made the English cattle " -blooded cattle." The following, relat- 

 ing to the same subject, will further demonstrate the importance of this 

 subject. It admits the Americans who are in search of English catttle 

 behind the scenes, as it were. 



A CAUTION TO GALLOWAY BREEDERS. 



Galloway breeders have special reasons at the present time why they should be 

 careful to leave uncastrated only such beasts as will do credit to the breed. While 

 some American stockmen have begun to purchase Galloways on the well-founded idea 

 that they aro especially adapted to their severe and variable climate, yet the reputa- 

 tion of the breed as a beef-producing race of cattle has yet to be fairly and widely es- 

 tablished on the other side of the Atlantic. In many instances owners of ranches are 

 only making inquiries regard ing them, and if inferior specimens, especially bulls, are 

 exported, the ultimate success of the breed will be seriously inj ured thereby. They wil I 

 be judged by the samples that aro sent out, and if these compare unfavorably with 

 the Shorthorns, Herefords, Polled Angus, and other varieties with which they are al- 

 ready acquainted to some extent, the reputation of the Galloways will suffer in a pro- 

 portionate degree. Let owners of herds retain as bulls only those calves whose per- 

 sonal merit is good. Apart from the question of personal merit, if too many aro kept 

 the market will bo overstocked and prices will be affected thereby. When once the 

 reputation of the breed has been firmly established in the Western States, it will be 

 impossible to produce too many, provided they are personally of sufficient merit, for 

 the plains to be stocked are practically illimitable. But in the mean time this state 

 of matters has not yet been reached. 



Moreover, breeders of pedigree Galloways must make up their minds to feed their 

 young cattle much more liberally than most of them have been in the habit of doing. 

 And this remark applies to heifers as much as, if not even more so than, to bulls. In 

 regard to the latter, it has long been known that if calves were not extra well kept 

 they would not be fit for service when yearlings, and hence, not being marketable at 

 that age, a whole year's keep of them was lost. This fact insured bull calves being 

 fed liberally in almost "every instance. But, with comparatively few exceptions, heif- 

 ers have been very sparingly fed. It has not been customary to have Galloway 

 heifers dropping their calves until they aro three years of ago, and this has afforded 

 ample time to bring them to maturity by slow degrees. But the circumstances are 

 now entirely different. Breeders of pedigree Galloways must look to the American 

 market for purchasers. It is not probable that American stockmen will put Galloway 

 heifers to breeding purposes at an earlier age than is done in this country, but it innsfc 

 bo borne in mind that when our Blackskins are taken to the other side of the Atlantic 

 they aro put alongside of animals of other beef-producing breeds of the same age, and 

 if they are not as well grown and as forward generally as these, their reputation can- 

 not but suffer in a corresponding degree. 



The breeds with which they are brought into comparison in thia way are the short- 

 horn, the Hereford, and the Polled Angus. Every one of these has been liberally 

 fed, and even pampered, and therefore it is a severe ordeal to which the Galloways 

 have to bo subjected in this respect. If, therefore, the breeders of the south coun- 

 try Blackskins are to do justice to their favorites, and, indeed, if they are to be true 

 to their own interests, they must adopt a much more liberal system of feeding, and 

 that, too, from the very first, than has hitherto been customary among the rank and 



