60 CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING. 



ham than Shorthorns in many parts of the Continent. At one period 

 there was an apprehension that the Scotch climate would be unsuitable 

 for them, but this has long since been dispelled, they being quite as 

 generally kept in many of the Scotch lowland districts as the native 

 polled cattle, whether Angus or Galloway. They also flourish almost 

 at the Land's End in the contrary direction, as is sufficiently proved by 

 the splendid specimens Messrs. Hoskins & Sons are accustomed to bring 

 from Hayle to the Royal, and Bath, and West of England shows. 



After the dispersion of the herds of the Brothers Colling those of the 

 Booths at Studley Waiiaby and Killerby.came into reputation, together 

 with that of Thomas Bates at Kirklevington, all in [North Yorkshire 

 not far distant from the original locality of the breed's first origin 

 But Shorthorns had early popularity in Lincolnshire and Lancashire, 

 and the old red variety of the former county is still famous in some 

 districts for health, good size, and constitutional vigor. The successors 

 of Professor Towneley's Lancashire herd twenty years ago were credit- 

 able to that county, and it was close to Lancaster that Mr. Bolton had 

 his famous herd. 



At the present day the Duke of Devonshire at Holker eclipses all 

 others so far as the county is concerned, and the Bates men pay a pil- 

 grimage from one end of the Kingdom to the other. The Earl of Lartham 

 has a celebrated herd of fashionable Bates cattle at Ormskirk. But it 

 is almost impossible to single out any quarter of the Kingdom where 

 there are not herds of Shorthorns of high reputation, from those of the 

 Earl of Bective, Mr. S. B. Foster, and Mr. Handley, in Cumberland 

 and "Westmoreland, to those of Lord Fitzhardinge, Colonel Kingscote, 

 and Mr. St. John Ackers, in Gloucestershire; from Lord Penrhyns, 

 in Forth Wales, to Mr. Hugh Aylines, in .Norfolk. Throughout "the 

 Midland dairy districts large Shorthorns are bred, which are deep milk- 

 ers, and a perfect revolution in Irish cattle has been effected by the 

 agercy of the Shorthorn. 



Less than half a century, since Irish cattle were a by- word and a re- 

 proach on account of their big bones, tough hides, and unthrifty char- 

 acter; but now. the young cattle that come to the English grazing dis- 

 tricts in such large multitudes are well-nigh equal in quality to Short- 

 horns bred in England, and the big Norfolk and Suffolk graziers are 

 accustomed to depend almost entirely on them for a supply of their raw 

 material, they seldom being accustomed to breed their own. The 

 youngest class of Shorthorns at Smithfield last December scarcely gave 

 such heavy weights as the corresponding Hereford class, the heaviest 

 being the one-year, ten-months and two-weeks 7 old first prize steer of Mr. 

 Hugh Goringe, weighing 13 cwt., 3 qrs, 4 pounds. The Shorthorns ex- 

 hibited on that occasion were, however, generally much heavier than 

 the Herefords, Mr. Herbert Leney's third prize six-year old cow scaling 

 21 cwt., while the Earl of Coventry's giantess eleven -year-old Hereford, 

 which had previously won several royal prizes, scaling 20 cwt., 3 qrs., 

 21bs. 



: } THE LONGKHOKNS. 



' The Longhorn cattle may be described as follows: 



The horns fully bear out the name of the breed ; they grow in such a manner as to 

 be very distinctive ; they curve forwards and hang down towards the muzzle, and 

 sometimes actually grow so much inwards as to touch the cheek. 



The color is generally dark red, brindled, and pied, with white along the backs. 

 The coat is good and the back straight. The females are very broad in the hips and 

 are good milkers. Many of the cross-bred milch cows in various parts of England 

 enow they have a dash of Longhorn blood in them. 



There are, however, but few herds of this variety now kept. 



It crosses well with other breeds. 



