62 CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING. 



as a rale, grazed till after they were done With for working, but now 

 they are got to early maturity and produce good beef. In fact, they are 

 so much refined that they are considered by many to approach very 

 closely to the Hereford in wealth for grazing purposes. 



At present the breed is restricted very much to the country that gives 

 it name and the two adjoining ones of Kent and Hants. 



The cows are not god milkers. They are very hardy, however, and 

 do well on poor pastures. Like the Devons, they are all red, but have 

 larger horns, heads, and bones. 



There was an admirable class of Sussex steers under two years at the 

 late Smithfield show. Mr. Dunnett's one year ten months and two 

 weeks second prize one weighed 13 cwt., 2 qrs., and 25 Ibs., and one, 

 about a fortnight older, belonging to Mr. H. Page, of Walmer, Kent, 

 weighed 13 cwt. and 3 qrs. The heaviest Sussex ox was that of Mr. 

 S. Clarke, not quite three years and ten months old, which scaled 20 

 cwt. and 1 qr. The third prize cow, however, belonging to Mr. W. 

 Wood, of Crawley, Sussex, weighed 5 pounds over a ton. 



THE SCOTCH POLLED ANGUS OR ABERDEEN. 



This breed of cattle is supposed to be descended from what were 

 formerly termed "Angus Doddies," or Aberdeen Hummlies. It is largely 

 represented in Aberdeenshire, Forfarshire, and Kincardmeshire, and 

 their leading characteristics may be described as follows : 



Their coat is short, smooth, silky, and glossy, and almost always black, though 

 occasionally some animals have small dull white spots, and still more rarely some are 

 red or brindled. The head is tufted with hair, the '-ears are rather thick and hairy, 

 the muzzle is somewhat coarse, the legs are well boned, and of moderate length. 



Great improvement has been made of late years in this breed by care- 

 ful selection, and very beautiful animals have been exhibited at both 

 breeding and fat-stock shows. 



They are poor milkers, but are very hardy, docile, large, coming early 

 to maturity, and good breeders, and the meat is of excellent quality. In 

 respect of wealth and high quality combined, for grazing purposes they 

 can scarcely be surpassed by any variety whatever, the Scotch graziers 

 appear to think, the only notable preference on their part being for a 

 cross between them and the Shorthorn. Mr. C. Stevenson's first prize 

 three years eight months old steer at the last Sinithfield show scaled 21 

 cwt. and 23 Ibs. This was by far the heaviest exhibited. There was, 

 however, a great uniformity of weight between 16 cwt, and 19 cwt. 



THE GALLOWAY BKEED. 



The Galloway breed is much older and quite as highly prized as the 

 Angus in the county of Galloway and many parts of Scotland. They 

 were formerly partly horned and partly polled, but by selection the.t 

 have now become polled, though occasionally some have small "slugs" 

 or stumps which are not affixed to the skull. 



This breed is more hardy than the Angus, and better for dairy ing 

 purposes, while its claims are also admissible for wealth as a grazer. 

 It is in fact a serviceable all-around tenant farmer's animal. The vet- 

 eran McCombie, who stood first and foremost among Scotch graziers, 

 wrote as follows in his book on the feeding of cattle : , 



I have grazed the pure Aberdeen and Angus, the Aberdeen and Forth Country 

 crosses, the Highland, the Galloways, and what are termed in Angus 1 ho South Coun- 

 try cattle, the Dutch, and the Jutland. If store cattle of the Aberdeen aud Angus breeds 

 out of our best herds can be secured, I believe no other breed will pay the grazier 

 more money in the north for the same value of keep. 



