74 



CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING. 



horns flourish here, whilst the summer meadows are good enough to 

 graze and fatten bullocks. 



Yards and stalls are afforded to house the cattle in winter, but some of 

 the stock remain out all the year'round. The stock thrive on the grasses 

 in summer and get hay, straw, roots, and artificial food in winter when 

 needed. The cattle are bred in the dairy herds and weaned at first on 

 milk or artificial substitutes. The heifer calves are brought on to re- 

 plenish the herds, and the young bull calves are either sold as stock 

 bulls, or as oxen are drafted into other counties of tillage land, to be fed 

 out. 



Mr. Denchfield adds that he finds Shorthorn cattle best for dairying 

 purposes, since they come to heavy weight for the butchers when fed 

 out. The yield of milk and butter varies much with the seasons, so that 

 the last decade of wet years has lowered the average before established. 



I may here observe that some of the very best stock of all kinds, 

 horses, cattle, sheep, and pigs, come out of the county of Bucks, and with 

 such good stock the name of Denchfield has been associated for many 

 years. 



COTSWOLD CATTLE. 



From Colonel Nigel Kingscote, M. P., I may conclude the special ref- 

 erences. In the Shorthorn Herd-Book Colonel Kingscote, at the present 

 time as in the past, will be seen to own some highly celebrated stock. 

 His estate, Wotten-under-Edge, Gloucestershire, is 800 feet above sea- 

 level, on the west of the Cotswold hills. The geological stratum is oolite, 

 and here, on a brash loamy surface soil, the pure-bred Shorthorn cat- 

 tle, the pure-bred Sussex Southdown sheep, the pure-bred Suffolk cart- 

 horses, and the pure-bred Berkshire pigs form a higher class stock that 

 I note in evidence of the adaptability of diverse English breeds to a 

 "habitat," thus is, in each instance, a change to their original districts, 

 but where they all flourish and attain a high degree of excellence. 



The cattle are housed in winter, in covered yards and open sheds, and 

 fed on hay, straw, and roots. They reach the weight of 18 cwt. and up- 

 wards, and are disposed of by private and public sale. 



WEIGHTS OF THE VARIOUS BREEDS. 



The comparison of cattle breeds, in the report made by Mr. Faulkner, 

 whose figures are valuable, brings together the following points, as 

 averages in pounds (embraced in- Consul Dockcry's report) : 



Live weights, under four years old. 



Dead weight, average in pounds. 



