80 



CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING. 



Best importing cattle. The best beasts to import are: 



For meat. The Shorthorn, the Hereford, the Aberdeen Poll, the Gallo- 

 way, the Devon, the Sussex, and the Longhorn. 



For beef and milk combined. The Shprthorn, the Red Poll, and the Devon. 



For mills alone. The Ayrshire, the Shorthorn (not pedigree), the Red 

 Poll, and the Kerry. 



For butter. The Jersey, the Guernsey, and the Red Poll. 



For bleak, cold, or wet districts: 



For beef. -TheWest Highland and the Welsh. 

 For milk. The Kerry. 



For beef and draught. The Sussex, the Devon, the Welsh, the Highland, 

 and the Longhorn. 



Cost of British cattle. The cost of animals of these races depends 

 solely upon whether pedigree is desired or merely good, useful specimens 

 such as the best farmers select for their own use. The following figures, 

 however, may be entirely relied upon for useful non-pedigree beasts 

 well selected : 



For pedigree beasts fancy prices are paid, often most unwisely, for 

 unless a particular animal is wanted the best of blood can be obtained 

 if the purchaser can meet with any person to guide him, and who will 

 take the trouble to go with him, at considerably less money than is paid 

 by Americans in the ordinary way. I frequently see buyers (English) 

 who purchase for fashion, giving high figures for animals, while better 

 animals in the same herd are overlooked, although they could be bought 

 at market price. 



Number of cattle in tlie United Kingdom. The cattle in the United 

 Kingdom are as follows : In England, 4,250,000 ; in Wales, 651,000 ; in 

 Scotland, 1,095,000 ; in Ireland, 4,096,000 ; total, 10,097,000. Of these 

 there are cows in milk or in calf: In England, 1,650,000; in Wales, 

 200,000; in Scotland, 395,000 ; in Ireland, 1,401,000; total, 3,724,000 

 a decided increase, but considerably less than ten years ago. 



Imports of cattle and cattle products into the United Kingdom. The 

 imports have considerably decreased, owing chiefly to the cattle-disease 

 restrictions, and the same cause has prevented animals being more 

 largely bred. The imports were : In 1865, 283,000 ; in 1871, 248,600 ; 

 in 1876, 271,000 ; rising in 1880 to 389,000, and falling in 1882 to 343,000. 



In the year 1882, 314,000 cattle were brought into the metropolitan 

 cattle markets, of which 50,129 were foreign. The average price of 

 beasts in 1882 was, for inferior, 4s. 3f$. per stone ; second class, 4s. 

 third class (large, prime), 5s. l^d. ; fourth class (Scots), 5s. 



