THE UNITED KINGDOM. 125 



time the demand for really good cows is considerably greater than the 

 supply, the only breeders who breed carefully finding it at all times dif- 

 ficult to obtain what they want. 



This breed is one which it will pay any butter-maker to take up and 

 perfect, for it certainly has, as will be seen from, whatwehave said and 

 what we shall show, a far wider scope of usefulness than the Jersey can 

 possibly have while it is bred in its present form. For crossing the 

 Guernsey imparts quality of milk without that loss of quality of flesh 

 which is generally found in beasts crossed by the Jersey. The butter, 

 like the cream, is always wonderfully rich in color, and extremely deli- 

 cate in flavor, and many cases can be quoted in which 700 pounds have 

 been reached in the twelve months, although these, of course, are ex- 

 ceptional, while, with regard to the quantity of the milk, it is generally 

 found that 8 quarts is within the mark, good herds often yielding an 

 average of 1G quarts per day during the best months, although, as with 

 other cattle, individal animals frequently exceed 20 quarts. 



Another good feature in the Guernsey is the fact that it is not only a 

 good milker after calving, but continues to milk well during the whole 

 season. In form it is generally fine and narrow in front, widening until 

 it reaches the hips, which are broad. The udder is large and flat, the 

 teats long and wide apart, and the escutcheon perhaps more prominently 

 pronounced than in any other race. It is generally believed that one or 

 two Guernsey cows in a herd in which the milk is less rich imparts 

 quality and color to the whole of the butter made. Cheese is not made 

 from this race, except in isolated instances, and then only for private 

 use. It does well upon all soils, and we know instances in which its 

 returns are enormous, although the situation is as bleak and exposed as 

 the Welsh hills. At the same time a chalky or a gravelly soil is pre- 

 ferred. In its native island and in the south of England it does better 

 work than in the north, but some of the northern breeders are much 

 pleased with the results they obtain from it, and do not seem, to consider 

 it at all inappropriate to their districts. It is never used for draft 

 purposes. 



Experience of Guernsey breeders. Mr. J. de Garis, Eouvets, says: 



My herd in 1882 consisted of 1 cow, fourteen years of age, calved February, 1882; 

 1 cow, ten years old, calved December, 1881; 1 cow, four years old, calved March, 

 1882 ; 1 cow, same age, calved July, 18&2; 1 heifer (first calf), calved May, 1882. I 

 used not less than 4 quarts of milk daily in my family. The following are the amounts 

 of marketable butter made each month : January, 69 pounds; February, 70 pounds ; 

 March, 96 pounds ; April, 134 pounds; May, 96 pounds; June, 109 pounds; July, 136 

 pounds; August, 132 pounds; September, 151 pounds ; October, 112 pounds ; Novem- 

 ber, 77 pounds ; December (partly estimated), 80 pounds; total, 1,262 pounds; average 

 per cow, 252 pounds. 



Mr. W. Carrington, of King's Mills, says that his cow Le Cheminant 

 produced an average of 16 pounds per week for mouths after calving. 



Messrs. 0. Smith & Son state that three cows owned by them gave 

 the following records : 



Vesta, born March 1, 1873, calved May 7, 1882, served June 11, 1882, in five days 

 December 4 to December 8, inclusive gave 60| quarts, an average per day of 12.1 

 quarts; Vesta Second, born April 25, 1877, calved October 12, 1882, served November 

 2, 1882, gave in five days, of same date, 74 quarts, an average of 14-J quarts per day ; 

 Vesta Third, born May 1, 1878, calved November 27, 1882, gave in live days, same 

 date, 85 quarts, an average of 17 quarts a day. 



Mrs. White, Roussaillerie Farm, states that two cows owned by her 

 have given the following quantities of milk during the year in five 

 months : 



Eed cow, six years of age, 2,482 quarts, record commencing July 1 and closing 

 November 30; number of days' record, 153; average per day, 16^- quarts. Brown 

 cow, eight years of age, 1,944 quarts; record during the same time, 153 days; aver- 

 age per day, 12.6. 



