148 CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING. 



ning to see that the breed possesses great merits, hence its growing popu- 

 larity. In 1861 Mr. MeCombie won both at Smithtield and Birmingham 

 with Galloway animals bred by the Duke of Buccleuch ; and in 1872 

 Mr. James Cunningham won a prize with a heifer bred by Mr. Biggar, 

 of Chapelton, which had previously taken first prizes in the Highland 

 Society's Shows, and afterwards won the champion prize in the Polled 

 class at Smithneld. Mr. Gillespie thinks the Galloway breeders are 

 greatly indebted to Mr. Jardiue, of Castlemik, for what he has done in 

 recent years towards bringing the breed to the front, and that the cattle 

 had a better name in the world ten or twenty years ago than it at pres- 

 ent has simply because more was done then than now to display their 

 merit. If, adds Mr. Gillespie, the breeders all over the country had taken 

 pains to maintain the prestige of the stock they would now have been 

 in a much more favorable position, and if now they do their duty to their 

 cattle the money value of the animals will rapidly rise. 



The Galloway is not a special milking race, and is little used for 

 either butter or cheese making, nor is it used for draft, although a 

 few isolated farmers may be seen with it at the plow. They are an old 

 breed, and were highly valued as long as fifty years ago, when small 

 horns were sometimes seen. Then their average weight was 60 to 70 

 stone, but it is now much increased. The hide is thin and the meat is 

 wonderfully well marbled, and found in the best parts in abundance. 

 They are bred in Scotland almost entirely, but large numbers are brought 

 into England and sold at the fairs to farmers for fattening. The milk, 

 tolerable in quantity for a grazing beast, is decidedly rich, but it is 

 largely the custom to spay heifers, and at one time the practice was 

 still more general. The calves are very often allowed to run with the 

 dam, but to have only one-half her milk, the other half going into the 

 house. This is managed by the dairymaid milking two teats twice a day 

 and affixing a spiked muzzle to the calf. The Galloways are grand 

 beasts, and their native home is the wet mountainous district of the 

 southwest of Scotland, and although considered by some people to be 

 similar in character to the Polled Augus, they are much hardier and 

 more vigorous as a race. There is no question that they are not such 

 early maturing beasts as the Angus, the Hereford, or the Shorthorn, 

 although, in truth, they have hitherto received no such help from the 

 breeder as has been bestowed upon those famous races. The Galloway 

 is thicker in its hide than the Angus, and when it is remembered that 

 to withstand exposure and extreme cold this is necessary, it will be 

 understood that for mellowness, and consequently meat production, it 

 would be hardly fair to claim the same quality for the one as for the 

 other. For these cold bleak districts, more especially if they are also 

 wet, the Galloway will at all times beat his more polished rival. 



The Galloway Poll is not such a very bad feeder. Half a dozen cat- 

 tle were recently sold by live weight to a Liverpool butcher at $d. per 

 pound of carcass weight, which was assumed to be 53 percent, of their 

 live weight, ascertained on a weighing-machine immediately before the 

 meal hour. The lot consisted of three two-year old bullocks and an 

 equal number of Shorthorn- Ayrshire crosses of the same age. Four of 

 these animals had been bred on the farm, and the remaining two had been 

 summered and wintered on it. They had been fed in the same manner 

 as the previous lot, and the balance of percentage in the butcher's favor 

 was even higher than in the first lot. From the following figures it 

 will be seen that the Galloways killed decidedly better than the Short- 

 horn-Ayrshire crosses. The former showed a higher carcass weight 



