158 



CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING. 



Age at maturity : Throe years. 



How long bred pure: Supposed to be descended from the white cattle of Great Britain. Improve- 

 ment of breed began about tho year 1780. 

 Annual average pounds of milk: 11,500 pounds. 

 Milk to pounds of butter: 40 pounds to 1 pound butter. 



Labor: Little. 



Method of housing: Young stock are housed from November to March, and fat and milch cows are 

 housed at night from October to May. 



Feeding : Fed in the morning with hay, roots, and oil-cake and Indian meal, then turned out on the 

 pasture. 



Breeding : Commence at two and one-half years. 



Grasses : Eye-grass and clover. 



The following are some of the live weights of fatted cattle of this 

 breed : 



Oxen exceeding 3 J and not exceeding 4 years old : No. 1, 2,029 pounds ; 

 No. 2, 2,164 pounds; No. 3, 2,395 pounds; No. 4, 2,510 pounds; No. 5, 

 2,424 pounds; No. 6, 2,149 pounds; No. 7, 2,184 pounds; No. 8, 2,296 

 pounds. 



Steers exceeding 2 and not exceeding 3 years old ; No. 1, 1,715 pounds ; 

 No. 2, 1,883 pounds ; No. 3, 1,666 pounds. 



Cows: No. 1, 4 years 2 months old, 1,874 pounds; No. 2, 4 years and 

 2 months, 2,022 pounds ; No. 3, 4 years and 9 months, 1,604 pounds ; No. 

 4, 9 years and 8 months, 2,177 pounds. 



Decrease : In consequence of the high price of meat a large number of 

 prime 2-year-old heifers are being slaughtered, thus decreasing the 

 number of animals. 



Prices. Prices of animals of this breed vary very much, and range from 

 $125 to $5,100, according to pedigree. Prices have declined ever since 

 the great sale at New York Mills, Oneida County, New York, in 1873. In 

 order to compare prices 'which were realized at that sale with those of 

 a recent and important sale of Short-horns in this country at Castle Hill 

 Cerne, it is reported to me that at the former sale 93 cows, heifers, and 

 calves realized the average price of $3,764.78 each, and 16 bulls at 

 $1,922.81 each, while at the latter sale 32 cows realized $900 each (aver- 

 age), and the 6 bulls averaged $1,372. Seven Dukes and Duchesses 

 averaged $3,625, and 4 Oxfords $1,105. 



The soil of Yorkshire is for the most part black and brown. 



The substratum in some districts is clay, in others rock and gravel. 



The temperature in summer is 62 and in winter 37, the mean 

 during the year being 49. 



DEVON CATTLE. 



This breed is found in Devonshire and surrounding comities, and also 

 in Ireland. Little is known respecting its origin further than that in 



