1.6(5 CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING. 



Weight. The following are some of the weights of fatted cattle of this 

 breed : Steers not exceeding four years old, No. 1, 2,268 pounds ; No. 2, 

 2,0<)5 pounds; No. 3, 1,974 pounds; No. 4, cow, three years and eight 

 months, 1,870 pounds; No. 5, three years, 1,710 pounds. Cattle intended 

 for the London Christmas market are kept till three or four years old, 

 and 1,232 pounds to 1,456 pounds (dead weights) are common weights. 



There is no apparent scarcity of stock. 



Price. The average price realized at recent sales has been $180, and 

 the highest price that has been paid for a polled animal was $1,385 in 

 1880. 



The climate of the county of Aberdeen is described as on the whole 

 mild, the winters not being so cold nor the summer so mild or so long 

 as the southern counties. 



The temperature is 57 in summer, 36 in winter, and the mean dur- 

 ing the year 45. 



The soil on the uplands is very poor and thin, while the low-lying 

 land has various soils, but most of it naturally poor and churlish, but 

 has by judicious cultivation been converted into fine mold. Heaths 

 and coarse, stiff clays are common in the higher districts, and light sands 

 and fine clay in the valleys. 



WELSH CATTLE. 



There are two breeds of cattle in Wales. The North Wales breed is 

 found in greatest perfection in Anglesea and Caernarvonshire. The 

 South Wales breed is called the " Castle Martin and the animals are 

 very big, large bones and coarse, but they are not in favor in the north 

 of the principality. The first herd-book for North Wales was published 

 last year (1883), and great care and attention is now being given to the 

 breed. 



Color. Both breeds are black, producing occasionally specimens of 

 dun-colored and red. Characteristic points require that bulls should 

 have white testicles and the cows white udders. 



Age at maturity, 3J years. 



Live weight (average) at maturity is, cow, 13 to 14 cwt, bull, 15 to 18 

 cwt., and the ox 13 to 15 cwt. 



The following are the weights of three oxen under four years of age : 

 No. 1, 1,870 pounds; No. 2, 1,953 pounds, and No. 3, 2,108 pounds. 

 The ox whose photograph is given herewith weighs actually 2,404 

 pounds and won the chief prize, "the breed cup" at Smithfield cattle 

 show, 10th December, 1883. 



Milk yield from a good cow is about 4,000 pounds annually ; butter 

 yield is about 300 pounds annually; no cheese is made. 



Price. The average price for good oxen is from $88 to $98. 



The Isle of Anglesea (where this breed is found pure) is described as 

 being quite devoid of mountains or glens, flat in the south and center 

 and only moderate hills on the north. The climate is mild but foggy, 

 the temperature being 59 in summer, 42 in winter, and the mean 

 during the year 50. The soils are chiefly sandy loam, a stiff reddish 

 earth, and blackish vegetable mold. The rocks are Cambrian, Lower 

 Silurian, Lower Carboniferous, limestone and shale, granite, Permian 

 conglomerate, sandstone, and red marl. 



THE JERSEY CATTLE. 



Jersey is justly celebrated for its breed of cattle, which goes under 

 the name of the Alderney breed. There are about 12,000 cattle on this 



