190 CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING. 



In the year 1810 his herd was sold by auction with the following re- 

 sult : 



a. 



*7cows 2,802 9 



11 bulls 2 361 9 



7 bull calves under twelve months 



7 heifer calves 



Total 6,804 11 



Since then a descendant of a calf sold at this sale (Young Duchess) 

 has realized more money than the whole herd was sold for. One, two, 

 and three thousand guineas were frequently paid lor members of that 

 tribe or family, of which there is a goodly number in England at the 

 present time and which are still held in high estimation. 



The influence of a good sire is shown by the following statement : A 

 remarkable animal termed the Durham ox was got by one of the bulls 

 sold at the above sale out of a common cow. The ox was sold for 

 public exhibition, from which circumstance their sprung up a great de- 

 sire to possess and improve the Shorthorns in distant quarters. The 

 ox, after being exhibited for several years, was slaughtered after two 

 months illness, which reduced its flesh considerably, but its dead weight 

 of meat, without tallow or offal, was 2,322 pounds. Many other in- 

 stances of great weignt can be recorded, viz : 



Pounds. 



Live weight of steers under four years old 2, 212 



Live weight of heifers under four years old 2, 04< 



Live weight of cows 2,352 



Average dead weight : 



Of matured ox when fed in the ordinary way for market 



Of heifer when fed in 1 ho ordinary way for market 800 



Of cow when fed in the ordinary way for market 880 



Milk : 



Annual average weight .' - 8, 000 



Weight to 1 pound of butter 



Weight to 1 pound of cheese 10 



Soil. Alluvial and light loam in East Riding ; in West Biding, brown clay. 

 Climate. Mean temperature, 49. 4. 

 Color. Red, white, and roan. 



HEEEFOKDS. 



Herefords are an old established breed of fcigh renown, whose fame 

 has gone to the antipodes as possessing many highly meritorious prop- 

 erties, the principal of which is its fattening propensities and high qual- 

 ity of beef. A hardy, strong constitution seems to pervade the whole 

 family, as no signs of delicacy or degeneracy ever appear in their ranks. 

 These characteristics commend them to the notice of home graziers and 

 breeders abroad. For several years past there has been a rush to se- 

 cure the best specimens on offer for export, and some hundreds of fine 

 animals have recently been consigned to enterprising breeders across 

 the Atlantic. The chief merit of the Hereford is their beef produc- 

 tions ; they have little pretension to the supply of the dairy. The calves, 

 as*a rule, run with their mothers, whose parental duties in many cases 

 are heavily taxed, but this defect is occupying the attention of many 

 breeders, and it can be removed in time by careful selections and proper 

 observance in mating them. They inhabit large tracts of laud partially 

 surrounded by the Welsh hills land which is well calculated to develop 

 its true character to full perfection. The breed has long been ascribed 

 the best in the west of England. The uniform, character has become a 



