208 CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING. 



milk, and the most and best butter, according to the milk, but I think a cross-breed 

 cow would produce more in the year, being a larger bullock, and would come to the 

 butcher with more weight when finished. 



I can only refer to our own county. The climate varies so much at the same alti- 

 tude that we must study our own particular farms as to what breed wo ought to keep, 

 and I presume it would be the same in America. Shorthorns will not do at all in tho 

 north of our county because it is so bleak and cold. Their bowels are so lax they be- 

 come thin and poor, but here in the south, on tbe best and most sheltered land, they 

 do very well. But I believe the Devons and Herefords are the most profitable for 

 feeding purposes, having less bone and more beef in their best cuts, and being more 

 hardy. They can bear the frequent changes of weather better than the Shorthorns. 

 They are not so lax in tbeir bowels, and do not require so much nor such good food. I 

 should think the bullocks of Cornwall paid tho farmers from 5 to 6 per head per 

 year, without corn or artificial food, but of course the milking cows pay more. Then 

 the cost of labor would be more. 

 I am, &c., 



JOEL ROWE. 



CATTLE IN SCOTLAND. 



REPORT BY CONSUL WELLS, OF DUNDEE. 



In submitting herewith a u Eeport on breeding cattle," I have to state 

 that I have consulted many of the leading cattle breeders of high 

 standing in this district, inspected several herds, and procured all the 

 information within my reach in relation to the subject. I have secured 

 photographs of representative animals of the several breeds, and given 

 a short history of them. The photographs will be found to convey a 

 more accurate description of the animals than cuts or lithographs. I 

 am under obligation to William Smith, esq., of Benholm Castle, Kincar- 

 dineshire,for the information he gave me regarding dead and live weight 

 of stock and kindred matters; also to J. W. Barclay, esq., member of 

 Parliament for Forfarshire, Scotland, who is a practical farmer, owning 

 a considerable herd of pure Polled Angus cattle on his farm at Auchla- 

 pan, Aberdeen shire, and is chairman of the Arkansas Valley Land and 

 Cattle Company, which has a herd of 25,000 head in Colorado. He has 

 recently visited this ranch and there introduced Polled Angus and Gal- 

 loway bull$. Mr. Barclay is a recognized authority on cattle breeding 

 and agricultural matters, and accordingly he has favored LIO with in- 

 formation relative to " the best animals to export to the United States " 

 " the purchasing price of the animals," and " the best means of increasing 

 the exports of meat to this country from the United States." To Thomas 

 Ferguson, esq., of Kinochtry, near Coupar Angus, and others I am par- 

 ticularly obligated for valuable information regarding the Polled Angus 

 and other breeds of cattle within this district. Mr. Ferguson has been 

 a contributor to various agricultural papers in Great Britain and 

 America, and has received prizes for reports and essays on agricultural 

 subjects, and was the first to direct tho attention of American stock 

 breeders to the superior merits of the Polled Angus cattle. He has 

 made the breeding of cattle a specialty for tho last forty-five years, and 

 has now one of the finest herds of Polled Angus cattle in Scotland. 



ihe different breeds of cattle in this district are the Polled Angus, 

 bhorthorns, Ayrshire, West Highland, and Polled Galloway. A very 

 small number in the aggregate of the Alderneys and Jerseys are to be 

 Jound m the parks of noblemen, but the five breeds mentioned with 

 their crosses, undoubtedly constitute the staple cattle in this district. 



