220 CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING. 



Eye : Large and prominent. 



Ear : Moderate in length and broad, pointing forwards and upwards, with fringe 

 of long hairs. 



Neck: Moderate in length, clean, and filling well into the shoulders; the top in a 

 line with the back in a female, and in a male naturally rising with ago. 



BODY. Deep, rounded, and symmetrical. Shouldws : Fine and straight, moder- 

 ately wide above; coarse shoulder points and siiarp or high shoulders are objection- 

 able. Hreast: Full and deep. Back and rump: Straight. Ribs : Deep and well 

 sprung. Loin and sirloin : Well filled. Hook bones : Not prominent. Hindquarters: 

 Long, moderately wide, and well filled. Flank: Deep and full. Thif/hs : Broad, 

 straight, and well let down to hock ; rounded buttocks are very objectionable. Leys : 

 Short and clean, with fine bone. Tail: Well sst on. and moderately thick. Skin: 

 Mellow and moderately thick. 



Hair : Soft and wavy, with mossy undercoat ; wiry or curly hair is very objec- 

 tionable. 



CHARACTERISTIC POINTS OF AYRSHIRE CATTLE. 







The second article is quoted from the report of a committee of the 

 Ayrshire Agricultural Society appointed to revise the points indicating 

 excellence in the Ayrshire breed of cattle, as follows : 



Proposed ratio scale of points of excellence in Ayrshire cattle. 



Points. 



(1) Head short, forehead wide, nose fine between the muzzle and eyes, muzzle 



large, eyes full and lively, horns wide set on, inclining upwards 10 



(2) Neck moderately long, and straight from the head to the top of the shoul- 



der, free from loose skin on the under side, fine at its junction with the 

 head, and enlarging symmetrically towards the shoulders 5 



(3) Fore quarters: Shoulders sloping, withers fine, chest sufficiently broad and 



deep to insure constitution, brisket and whole fore quarters light, the cow 

 gradually increasing in depth and width backwards 5 



(4) Back short and straight, spine well defined, especially at the shoulders, 



short ribs arched, the body deep at the flanks 10 



(5) Hind quarters long, broad, and straight; hook bones wide apart, and not 



overlaid with fat; thighs deep and broad ; tail long, slender, and set on 

 level with the back 9 



(6) Udder capacious and not fleshy, hinder part broad and firmly attached to 



the body, the sole nearly level and extending well forward, milk veins 

 about udder and abdomen well developed. The teats from 2 to 2 inches 

 in length, equal in thickness, the thickness being in proportion to the 

 length, hanging perpendicularly ; their distance apart at the sides should 

 be equal to about one-third of the length of the vessel, and across to about 

 one-half of the breadth 33 



(7) Legs short in proportion to size, the bones fine, the joints firm 3 



(8) Skin soft and elastic, and covered with soft, close, woolly hair 5 



(9) Color red, of any shade, brown or white, or a mixture of these, each color 



being distinctly defined. Brindle or black and white is not in favor . . . 



(10) Average live weight, in full milk, about 10 cwt 



(11) General appearance, including style and movement..... 10 



Perfection 100 



JOHN LORNE STEWART (OF COLL), 



Convene?' of Committee. 



At the annual general meeting of 19th February, 1884, the above report was adopted, 

 and ordered to be printed and circulated amongst the members and others. 



JAMES McMURTRIE, 



Secretary, 



METHODS OF HOUSING SCOTCH CATTLE. 



Polled Aberdeen Angus. Grazing in summer. Stalls or partially cov- 

 ered courts in winter. 



Polled Galloway. Grazing in summer. Wintered mostly in open air, 

 and partially in court-yards. 



