SPAIN. 

 Topography of tlie province of Cadiz, 



385 



NOTE. The annual rainfall at the observatory of San Fernando is given at 650.03 mm (about 26 inches) 

 this being the mean of ten years' observations. During the last two years the temperature of the soil 

 has been taken daily, giving mean of temperature : At a depth of 0.63 m 17.6 centigrade ; at a depth 

 of I.a0 m --18.8 centigrade. 



Mean temperature, 17.2 C. Summer, 23.1 C. Winter, 12.0 C., being results of 

 ten years' observations at the San Fernando Observatory, and believed to bo approxi- 

 mately correct for the coast districts and the lands where altitude does not exceed 50 

 meters above sea-level. In the central districts, and up to an altitude of about 250 

 meters above sea-level, the mean annual temperature is 15 centigrade ; on the higher 

 uplands, from 250 to 1,000 meters above sea-level, it is 12 centigrade. 



SOIL. Alluvial: There is some alluvial pasture on the Gnadalete, the Guadal- 

 quivir, and other minor streams ; this represents, however, but a very small percent- 

 age of the total pasturage. Loam : There is but little of this hied of soil in the 

 province; the district of Olvera includes some largish tracts of "clayey loam" de- 

 voted to pasturage. Clay and chalk : These soils are frequently met with in natural 

 meadows, especially in the higher pastures, probably representing from 35 to 40 per 

 cent, of total grazing area in this province. Sand)/. $c. : A largo portion of the nat T 

 ural pastures of this province has sandy or gravelly soil ; 40 to 45 per cent, is a fair 

 estimate of the percentage having such soil. 



Pasturage of Western Andalusia species most abundant in natural pasture. 

 ORDER LEGUMIXJB. 



Trifolium pratensis: wild clover, red and white. 



Lotus corniculatus. 



Hedysarium coronarium : French honey-sucklo. 



Hedysarium honobrichus. 



Lathyrus sihestris: wild vetch. 



Mtdicago sativa: lucerne. 



Mcdicago lupulina. 



ORDER GRAMIXE^E. 



Avcna fatua : wild oats. 



Poa trivialis : meadow grass, chiefly the rough-stalked variety. 



Lolium multiflorum: Italian rye-grass. 



Festucas : fescue grasses, many varieties. 



Bromus : brome-grass. 



Triticum repens : couch-grass. 



Phalaris canariensis : canary-grass. 



Carlina acaulis : carline thistle. 



CULTIVATED GRASSES. 



Artificial pasture is very uncommon in this district, though here and there experi- 

 ments have been made in'that line ; such pasture here seems to require very damp 

 situations. In such spots clover (from American seed), with giant Italian rye-grass 

 (from English seed), have given very good results. 



A natural meadow, situate on undulating ground, near the river Guadalete, is es- 

 timated by its owner (a life-long agronomist) to have the following composition: 

 Wild clover, ( Trifolium pralensis) about 10 per cent.; couch-grass (Triticum repcvs) 

 about 60 per cent.; wild canary-grass (Phalaris canaricnsis) about 5 per cent.; Italian 



H. Ex. 51 25 



