GERMANY. 413 



I am informed that at the agricultural department here a census has 

 been taken during the present year by which this information will be 

 given, but as the report has not yet been made public the department 

 declines to supply me with the required information. From my own in- 

 vestigation I am led to believe that the different breeds of cattle in 

 Germany have not been kept as separate and pure as in our own country, 

 but have been so crossed that but comparatively few herds remain in 

 their original purity. 



But comparatively few cattle are raised in the immediate neighbor- 

 hood of this city, as the province of Brandenburg, in which Berlin is 

 situated, is not well adapted for grazing purposes, the surface being 

 level and the soil light and sandy. 



Exhibits A,* hereto annexed, are photographs of an East Frisian bull 

 and co'w ; Exhibits B,* of an Oldenburg bull and cow ; Exhibits C, of a 

 Wilsterrnarsch bull and cow; Exhibits D, of a Breitenburg bull; Exhib- 

 its E, of an Angeln bull and cow ; Exhibits F, of a Bavarian bull and 

 cow; and Exhibit G, of a Pomeranian bull. 



These cattle were all exhibited and received prizes at the late Ham- 

 burg Exhibition. 



M. S. BREWER, 



Consul- General. 



UNITED STATES CONSULATE-GENERAL, 



Berlin, December 27, 1883. 



CATTLE IN OLDENBURG, JEVERLAND, AND EAST FRIESLAND. 



REPORT BY CONSUL WILSON, OF BREMEN. 

 INTRODUCTORY. 



In answer to circular letter under date of July 18, 1883, desiring cer 

 tain information regarding the breeding and raising of cattle in this 

 consular district, I have the honor to submit the following report : 



This industry is principally carried on in the Duchy of Oldenburg, 

 Jeverland, and East Friesland, and is the chief employment of the 

 farmers. Cattle raised in other parts of this consular district are simi- 

 lar to the Oldenburg or Budjadinger breed, but not of such pure blood. 



I am indebted to Mr. John G. Gross, consular agent for the Grand 

 Duchy of Oldenburg, Jeverland, and East Friesland, for the following 

 valuable information, obtained by him by visiting various parts of his 

 agency and the farms of the principal breeders and raisers of this justly 

 celebrated breed of cattle, and conversing with them and with the public 

 officials who are interested in this business. 



SOIL AND CLIMATE. 



Before entering into particulars concerning the breeding of cattle in 

 the Duchy of Oldenburg, Jeverland, and East Friesland it is necessary 

 to give a general description of the soil and climate of this district, which 

 contains about 8,395 square kilometers, with about 530,000 inhabitants. 



The soil must be divided in two parts, each entirely different from 

 the other. One part is called the marsh or marshes, and stretches along 



* See report by Consul Wilson, of Bremen, for duplicates of Exhibits A and B 

 an East Frisian bull and cow and an Oldenburg bull and cow. 



