420 CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING. 



Hamburg exhibition, rather overfed. Head, collar, and shoulder- 

 blades are very good, as well as tlie back, hips, and hind quarters. 

 Nevertheless, the. breeders in the marshes, with only a single exception, 

 do not approve of this race. The extreme formation of fat at the root of 

 the tail is not desired in the interior. For that reason the Oldenburg 

 race is preferred. The thighs of the animal are highly developed, as well 

 as the form of the breast, together with slender horn and bone for- 

 mation. The standing of the hind legs is good, with normal ankle- 

 bones or spring-joints. This animal is easily fattened, but the milk-tokens 

 leave something to wish for. To this animal a iirst prize was awarded 

 at the exhibition at Hamburg. The picture has the same fault as the 

 others. The waiter, as well as the photographer, did not know what 

 they were about ; otherwise the head of the cow would not have been 

 held as represented, the backbone receiving thereby an appearance as 

 if it was not straight-lined. Color is white and brownish red. 



Xo. 4 of the photographs is a prominent bull of the Oldenburg or 

 Ludjadinger race. The picture does not do justice in this case. The 

 animal's head is kept far too high and out of place by its waiter, through 

 which the backbone does not show the straight line it really possesses 

 by nature. The standing of the hind legs is a normal one, the form of 

 the thighs perfect, as also the form of the breast. The form of the head 

 answers the original Oldenburg type ; shoulders, back, hips, and the 

 form of the hind quarters or croup are good, whereas the ribs might 

 have been of a more round or barrel form. In general the cows of this 

 breed combine good milking with fattening qualities. Color black and 

 white, white legs, with white star on forehead. 



Xo. 5 of the accompanying photographs represents a heifer about 

 three and a half years old, by Magnate, out of an Oldenburg cow, pure 

 Oldenburg breed. The form of the neck and head scarcely answers the 

 requirements of the herd-book union. The neck is short and thick; 

 head rather full and heavy ; back and form of ribs good, as also the 

 form of the hips and of the hindquarters or croup; the thighs are satis- 

 factory, but the breast is too much trussed up. The ankles or spring- 

 joints Vre good, whereas the breast might have been a little deeper and 

 liner ; the signs of easy fattening are more prominent than those of milk. 

 Color white and black, with blase on the forehead. 



Xo. represents a bull of the East Frisian race, three years old, born 

 near Jemgum, East Eriesland; is a good specimen of its race. Shows, by 

 the unlucky position in which the head is kept, a slight downward 

 curving in the backbone, which in nature is not the ease ; the animal 

 otherwise presents itself favorably, and its oifspring, according to the 

 statement of its owner, are renowned for being led fat and showing 

 good milk-tokens. Color black and white, lour while legs, and a blase 

 on the, forehead. 



Xo. 7 of the accompanying photographs, a Polled Angus bull, im- 

 ported from England, is kept on an estate 1 , in the south of Holstein. 

 The fanners in the marsh do not approve of this race, wherefore its intro- 

 duction here, though tried several times, did not succeed. The picture 

 shows the bull very favorably, bui also shows Jar too many corners oil 

 the, lore, part, of the hind legs. The picture is mentioned here only to 

 show the diiheivnee between the. several races. Color black, with 

 rather mouse-colored hind legs. 



Jiy the kindness of L. Vissering, esq., King's counselor of the agri- 

 cultural depaitmenl ;md president of the principal agricultural society 

 of East Eiiesland, ai. Donnim, I am enabled to present the photo- 

 graphs of cattle bred in East Ericsiand, >'os. 8, 9, and H), herewith. 



