GERMANY. 437 



Breeds of cattle. Estates. 



Ayrshiros * 



Swiss \\ 



Swiss with various crosses 3 



Dant/ig 



Murzthal 1 



Algan 3 



Old German 1 



Tondern 1 



Mixed breeds of various races 9 



PRODUCTS FROM DUTCH. COWS IN SILESIA. j 



Tho following answers were received to inquiries addressed to two 

 large estates keeping Dutch cows : 



From the vicinity of Strehlcn, midway between Breslau and the mountains. 



Breed : Dutch, of pure blood. 



Annual average quantity of milk : 2,800 liters. 



Quantity of milk to pound of butter: 100 liters to 7 pounds. 



Country of origin : Holland. 



Size at maturity : 140 to 150 centimeters high. 



Live weight: 1,000 to 1,200 pounds. 



Age at maturity : Four years. 



Weight at maturity : 550 to 650 pounds. 



Color: Black and white. 



Description : Broad chest, broad haunches, small neck and tail, horns curved for- 

 ward. 



Bred pure since 1872. We import 20 head of young cattle from Holland every three 

 to three and a half years. 



Labor : Valued at 48 cents per day. 



Meat : Worth $7.85 to 8.57 per cwt., live weight. 



Milk : We get 2} cents per liter from cheese factory. 



Cheese: Worth at factory $5.71 to $5.95 per cwt. 



Method of housing : In plastered stables. 



Feeding: Nine mouths tk-y ; three months green fodder. 



Breeding : For dairy and fattening purposes. 



From Masselwitz, on the Oder, a few miles above Breslau. 



We keep an average of 60 cows, 2 bulls, 24 working oxen, and 15 to 30 slaughter 

 oxen. 



The cows are mostly Hollanders, with a few Silesians. They yield an average of 

 8 to 9 liters of milk daily. Fifteen liters of milk required for 1 pound of butter; 7 

 liters for 1 pound of cheese. 



Cows at maturity are 140 to 150 centimeters high; weigh 900 to 1,000 pounds ; are 

 50 to 60 centimeters across hips, and 40 centimeters across back. Fattened weight, 

 1,100 to 1,400 pounds. The color of Dutch cattle is usually black and white, but a 

 few are also dun and white ; head and tail small, horns curved inward. 



The Hollanders were kept pure-blooded for ten years. Last year began crossing 

 with Simraenthal bulls. 



The milk is sold to city dairies for 2f cents per liter. 



The working oxen are of the Bavarian breed; red, large horns; quick gait ; yoke 

 on head. 



Soil is partly loam, partly sand. 



- ' CENSUS AND DISTRIBUTION OF CATTLE IN SILESIA. 



As already stated, the number of cattle in the province on the 10th 

 of February last was 1,394,145. Of these there were in Upper Silesia 

 ,401,223, ill Lower Silesia 412,653, and in Middle Silesia 520,269. lu 

 1873, the number of cattle in the entire province was 1,351,431, consist- 

 ing of 810,695 cows over two years old, 202,355 of these being used as 

 working cattle in the fields; 139,042 calves under six mouths old; 

 296,714 young cattle from six months to two years old, including 11,208 



