442 CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING. 



per cent, of the Prankish breed, and 47J per cent, of the Glan breed. 

 It is difficult to say what percentage is bred for the dairy, because the 

 stocks have for -a long time been selected with quite as much reference 

 to their powers as draft-animals as to their dairy qualities. All 

 through the rural districts the cow must be a good draft-animal, and 

 then the more milk she gives the better. It cannot be said that posi- 

 tively bad results have attended this method of selecting cattle, for, 

 while the cows quite generally supersede oxen and horses in farm-work 

 and in miscellaneous drawing, they yield a good average quantity of 

 rather rich milk. The stock of cattle is just about equal to the home 

 demand for food, but that is because the people are large bread-eaters 

 rather than gieat meat-eaters. The most of the meat is eaten in the 

 villages and large towns. The flesh is fairly good, but it is not remark- 

 able either for its sweetness or its juiciness. The demand for beef is 

 lessened by the amount of sausage and other swine-flesh that is con- 

 sumed. 



The accompanying table presents the main facts of this report in a 

 more compact form. 



GEOKGE F. MOSHER, 



Consul. 



UNITED STATES CONSULATE. 



tivnnvbvrg, JSoveniber 10, 1883. 



SPECIAL STATISTICS CONCERNING TIIURINGIAN CATTLE. 



Iffaner, Heiibronuor, rranfcisn, ana uian, an going under collective name or 

 ikinh cattle. The annual average production of milk is 4,800 pounds; 10 to 12 

 cs make 1 pound butter, and 10 to 12 quarts make 5 pounds cheese. The size at 

 urity is: Cow, 14'2 centimeters; bull, 149 centimeters; ox, 152* centimeters. Live 



All can er, Heilbronuor, Prankish, and Glan. all going under collective name of 

 Franl 

 quarts 

 maturity 



weight is : Co\v, 750 ; bull, i.^O ; ox, 1,300. Ago at maturity, 5 years. Weight of meat 

 at maturity: Cow, 4;,0; ox, 1.000; bull, 950. Color, dark brown to yellowish. De- 

 scription : 'Head short and wide; eyes bright; horns short, smooth, whitish, with 

 black points; neck short and stout; back strong, long, and level; ribs barrel-shaped: 

 body deep ; rump heavy ; tail slender; bag long, squaiiah, and clean ; teats long and 

 flattish. Pure breeding not successful and hardly exists. Cross between Siinmeu- 

 thalcr and Prankish probably one hundred and fifty years. Origin of breed is Swiss 

 through Prankish or Bavarian channel. Product : Labor, $500 to $2,500; meat, $75; 

 milk, Sl,0. r ;6; butter, $7'J<J. 



Topography: Altitude, 1,350 feet; mean temperature, 6.5 Reaumur; summer, Jane 

 to August 13.72 R. ; winter, December to February, 0.73 li. 



Substratum : Porphyry and clay, slate, gravel, &c. 



Cultivated granges: Timothy, red clover, and lucern. 



The cattle are housed in stone barn, stone floor. The equivalent of 25 pounds of 

 hay, daily (hay, chopped straw, scalded food), is the food. Breeding not carefully at- 

 tended to. Stock is handled rudely and not with care to best results. Flesh con 

 Boiucd in district. Milk and baiter bold at market or consumed at home. 



VOIGTLAND CATTLE. 



REPORT BY CONSUL BULLOCK, OF ANNABEKQ. 



In Saxon-Voigtland, in the consular district of Annaberg, cattle- 

 raisers give much attention to the Voigtland race of cattle, Avinc^ 

 long ezporieiuw bas proven to be well suited to the climatic conditions 

 prevailing here. This breed of cattle has its home in Saxon and Ba- 

 Tarian-VoigUaud, that is, in Southwest Saxony and the Bavarian Ober- 



From ground to top of fore shoulder. . 



