446 . CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING. 



climate. The disposition of the animals of this breed is remarkably 

 good-natured, almost playful. Their gait is very broad and sure, one 

 might almost say graceful. The weight on the hoof averages, in the 

 pure Simmenthalers, about 1,400 pounds, and in the stocks tired from 

 them 1,000 to 1.200 pounds. 



THE MONTAFQNER BREED. 



This, the second-mentioned imported stock in Wurtemberg, is one de- 

 veloped from the Schwytzer stock by breeding, and further by change 

 in climate, pasture, and conditions of soil. The Montafoner cattle are 

 lighter than the Schwytzers and heavier than the Allgauers, the cows 

 averaging about 1,000 to 1,200 pounds. Their color is black or dark 

 brown, with the same characteristics as the Schwytzer breed, namely, 

 the mouth shaped like a deer, light-shaded stripes over the back and 

 light tufts of hair in the ears ; the head is short, with wide forehead, 

 and the horns white only at the base, the remainder being black ; the 

 neck is short and compact, with thick folds ; the shoulders are broad 

 and the back has a tendency to curve downwards. The haunches are 

 also broad ; the caudal bone often too high ; the limbs compact, stout, 

 and the udders large. In good cows the annual yield of mjlk is as high 

 as 1,900 liters, and of a quality giving 9J pounds of butter and 16 J 

 pounds of cheese to every 100 liters. The oxen are tough, good for 

 hauling, and are quite easily fattened, but give a coarse-fibered meat. 

 The original home of this breed is in the Montatbner Valley, which opens 

 into the valley of the Upper Rhine, a few hours distant from the Lake 

 of Constance. Inasmuch as the Montafoner cows are not so fastidious 

 as many others in regard to fodder, they are much used in Wurtemberg 

 for crossing in localities where sour grasses abound, as, for instance, at 

 Waldsee, Ehingeu, Tettnang, and Saulgau. In general the Montafoner 

 breed may be said to be easy of acclimation. 



THE ALLGAUER BREED. 



This breed is to be classified among the dark-brown mountain cattle, 

 and is the smallest and most varied in shade of them all. It is princi- 

 pally found in or near the Swabian Alps, but owing to its usefulness 

 has spread over the lowlands as well, is found in considerable numbers 

 in the neighborhood of Wangen and Isny, in this Kingdom, and is im- 

 ported in large numbers for breeding purposes to Saxony, Baden, Prus- 

 sia, Bohemia, Poland, and Hungary. 



The cows average 800 to 900 pounds in weight, and vary greatly in 

 color. The head is small and handsomely formed 5 the mouth black and 

 broad ; the horns white at the base and black at the point: the neck 

 short, with good and well-defined folds; back and haunches broad and 

 compact ; caudal bone generally high, but not so frequently rising above 

 the level of the back as in the case of the Simmenthaler and Montatbner 

 breeds; the chest, as is generally the case with good milch cows, is not 

 very wide or deep, for which reason many Allgauer cattle are com- 

 plained of as being hollow shouldered ; the ribs of the belly are, however, 

 wide ; the belly itself is broad and deep, and the whole frame muscular 

 and compaqt. The oxen are strikingly large in comparison with the 

 cows and bulls, and the calves when born are also disproportionately 

 large. Cows weighing 700 to 800 pounds, and consuming a daily aver- 

 age equivalent to 25 pounds of hay, yield 1,900 liters of milk per annum. 



