GERMANY. 



451 



Statement showing the annual and aggregate costs, expenses, and losses of purchasing and 

 maintaining six breeding lulls at Kirchhcim under Teck, in Wurlemberg, during a period 

 of five years. 



* To this should be added the amount paid the bull-keeper for services, 420 marks, making a total of 

 1,748.19 marks in all. 



TOPOGRAPHY OF KIRCIIIIEIM UNDER TECK ( WURTEMBERG) . 



Altitude: 310 meters (1,017 English feet) above the level of tho sea. The highest 

 point in the district is 810 meters above the level of the sea. 



Mean temperature : (Yearly average) : Celsius, 8.8 ; E6aumur, 7; Fahrenheit, 48. 

 Summer: (in August): Celsius, 17.6; E6aumur, 14; Fahrenheit, 64. Winter (in 

 January): Celsius, 1.5; Reaumur, 1.2 ; Fahrenheit, 29. 



Soil: Alluvial. The valley bottoms are partly filled with soil from the mountain 

 slides. Loam everywhere predominates, and rarely mixed with sand. Clay is found 

 everywhere. In the lower, brown jura sand is very plentiful, as the product of sand- 

 stone. 



CATTLE-BEEEDING- AT EOTTWEIL. 



Among the points in the Kingdom where cattle-breeding has been 

 carried on scientifically, with more or less success, is the neighborhood 

 of Eottweil, a flourishing town in the Black Forest section. With a view 

 of obtaining such information as was practicable in that quarter on the 

 subject embraced in this report I addressed a letter of inquiry to Oeco- 

 nomierath Burkhardt, president of the Eottweil Agricultural Associa- 

 tion, and received the following reply : 



EOTTWEIL, October 21, 1883. 



In reply to your favor of the 19th instant 1 have the honor to state as follows : The 

 county (district of Eottweil) has for many years past ranked among the foremost in 

 regard to cattle-breeding. Although the sale of animals for breeding purposes is 

 always a very considerable one, and the extraordinarily high prices obtained for 

 choice stock result in the sending elsewhere of tho finest specimens, yet no reaction 

 is noticeable. Bred since forty years in one direction (crossing with the Simmen- 

 thulcr) a homogcneousuess of race has been developed, so that experts at once recog- 

 nize the animals, even when exported to long distances, as tho "Kottweil" breed. A 

 very efficient cause of the present condition of our cattle-breeding may be mentioned, 

 tho keeping of township bulls as practiced iii the district for forty years past. 



For the renewal of stock, which takes place every three or four years with original 

 Simmenthaler bulls (no cows have been imported for twenty years past), only well- 

 built and delicately-shaped specimens are selected, the thick-skinned, hollow-shoul- 

 drjvd, heavy breed, that yields little milk, having for a long time been abandoned. 



In consequence of tho system of cattle-shows with premiums, introduced by the 

 centralstelle for agriculture, a considerable progress in cattle-breeding has been noted 

 in Wurtemberg. As at present in the district of Eottweil the hoof disease showing, 



