68 CATTLE - AND ? DAIRY - FARMING. 



One and one-fourth, gallons of milk furnish 1 pound of cheese; 6 gallons 

 (24 liters) give 2 pounds of butter. In regard to milk production the 

 Messkirch breed is not inferior to any of the best milk-producing breeds 

 of Austria and Tyrol. 



EXHIBITIONS OF CATTLE AND MARKETS. 



At the International Cattle Exhibition at Vienna in 1873 the medal 

 of progress was awarded to the Agricultural Association of Messkirch 

 for the exhibition of twenty young cows and two bulls. At an exhibi- 

 tion in Mannheim in 1869 the above-named association obtained the 

 first prize for a collection of the best breeding-cattle. Markets are held 

 the first of every month in the cities of Messkirch, Pfullendorf, and Stet- 

 tin. In 1880 there were sold at these markets about eight hundred and 

 seventy oxen and cows and about sixteen hundred young cows. The 

 Messkirch cattle have already found favor in several foreign countries. 

 A great many young cattle are sold every year to the stock-breeders in 

 Alsace, Wurtemberg, and even in Switzerland. Cows sell from $70 to 

 $150, bulls from $70 to $100, and calves, from two to four months, for 

 $15 to $25. 



THE BAAR CATTLE. 



The district called the Baar is a plateau in Eastern Baden, which is 

 bounded on the north by the Black Forest, northeast by the Neckar, 

 south by the Swiss Jura, and west by the Wutach Valley. This plateau 

 extends from north with a slight descent towards the south. In the 

 northern part of this plateau, extending in a southern direction, there 

 are three parallel chains of mountains ; The eastern chain is a branch of 

 the Black Forest, and consists principally of limestone, with narrow 

 strips of anhydrite; the middle chain commences at Donaueschingen, 

 where the sources of the Danube are, and ends at Doggingen. These 

 mountains consist mostly of shell-lime and dolomite. The western 

 chain, which commences at Hochemmingen, in Wurtemberg, is of sili- 

 ceous nature. At the foot of these three chains of hills commences a 

 plain with rich meadows, which are, abundantly watered by many little 

 water-courses. This part of the Baar is one of the most fertile districts 

 of Baden. The altitude of this plateau above the level of the sea is from < 

 2,100 to 2,400 feet. 



The Baar cattle are a checkered cattle; they are red, light red, and 

 yellowish in color, mixed with white. The red spots are mostly on the 

 back, neck, shoulders, flanks, and shanks. The breast, belly, and legs 

 are generally white. The skin in general is colorless ; the horns and 

 hoofs are light yellow. The size of this variety is not always the same ; 

 in some parts of the district the oxen are much stronger and larger than 

 in others, while the difference in the size of cows is not so considerable. 

 The average height obtained by measuring thirty animals was : cows, 4 

 feet 1 inch ; oxen, 4 feet 7 inches ; bulls, 4 feet 4 inches. 'The length 

 taken from the top of the shoulder to the upper part of the thigh is: 

 cows, 5 feet ; oxen, 5 feet 2 inches ; bulls, 5 feet 2 inches. The height is 

 consequently 81 per cent, of their length. The head of the Baar cattle 

 is broad, strong, and bony. The forehead is straight, smooth, and with- 

 out any cavities; it measures between the horns 8 to 9 inches, on the 

 temples 9 to 10 inches. The upper end of the forehead is heavily cov- 

 ered with hair, which spreads downwards in the form of a semi-circle. 

 The length of the forehead is 10 inches. The total length of the head is 

 1 foot 8 inches. The ears are straight, and stand in a horizontal posi- 



