476 CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING. 



The heights and temperatures refer to each selected place in the named district. 



The above figures are calculated by the Royal Bavarian meteorological central station. 



SOIL OF BAVARIA. 



Alluvial : Alluvial soil exists in the valleys of all larger rivers of the country, prin 

 cipally those of the Danube and its tributaries and of the Rhine and Main. The allu- 

 vial formations of the Danube consist principally of coarse and lime sand and marly 

 deposits. The same character pervades the alluvial of the tributaries of the Danube 

 coming from the south, viz, Iller, Lech, Isar, and Inn. In those tributaries rising in 

 the north, viz, the Naab, Regeu, and Ilz, as alluvials, quartz, mountain pebbles, and 

 sand loam predominate; but in the valleys of Laber, Altmuhl, and Wornitz limy al- 

 luvials abound. 



The alluvials of the Rhino consist chiefly of quartz, pebbles, clay, and sand. In the 

 Main Valley we find mountain gravel and sand only here and there. Near Wurzburg 

 limy pebbles are found. 



Loam: Supposing loam ground to be the opposite of limy or marly clay ground, 

 the following are the principal localities where it is found: (1) A great part of the 

 Bavarian Alps, in Upper Bavaria and Swabia. (2) In the Bavarian plateau south of 

 of the Danube, of Swabia, Upper Bavaria, and Lower Bavaria. (3) In the territory of 

 Franconia-Jura, from Ulm over Nordliugen, Eichstadt, and Regensburg, northward to 

 Bayrouth and Lichtcnfels, in the districts of Swabia and Upper Palatinate, Middle 

 Franconia and Upper Frauconia. (4) In the shell-lime plateaus between Rotheuburg, 

 Wurzburg to Kissengen and Melrichstadt, in the districts of Middle and Lower Fran- 

 conia. (5) On the shell-lime plateau of the Palatinate, from Hoinburg, Blieskastel, 

 Pinnasens, over Zweibruckeu, Sickinger-High, toLaudstuhl, and in the plain of the 

 Rhine. 



Clay : Under the supposition concerning loam ground above mentioned, clay 

 abounds, mixed with sand, in the following districts: (1) In the mountain districts 

 of thq Bavarian and Upper Palatinate forests, districts of Lower Bavaria and Upper 

 Palatinate. (2) In the Fichtel Mountains and in the district of Upper Franconia. 

 (3) In some places in the Keuper territory, in the district of Middle Franconia, and 

 finally in the coal territory of the western part of the Palatinate. 



Sand : Sand soil predominates here and there, mixed with loam, in the Molasse ter- 

 ritory of the Alps of Upper Bavaria and Swabia. Clay sand exists tn the mountain 

 districts of East Bavaria, Upper Palatinate, and Lower Bavaria, and in the granito 

 mountains of Fichtel, in Upper Franconia, and in the Keuper territory of Middle Fran- 

 conia, Upper Franconia, and a part o f Upper Palatinate ; also in the territory of the 

 colored sandstone in Lower Franconia (Spesshardt) and at the end of the Haardt 

 Mountains of the Palatinate. 



SUBSTRATUM. 



Limestone : Limestone is the substratum of the soil in the following sections of the 

 country: (1) In the Alps, Upper Bavaria, and Suabia. (2) In Franconia, Jura, 

 mouth of the Danube (a small spot excepted between Abensberg and Regensburg), 

 in tko districts of Swabia, Upper Palatinate, Middle and Lower Franconia. (3) In 

 the shell-lime territory of Middle, Lower and Upper Frauconia. (4) In the shell-lime 



