492 CATTLE AND DAIRY FAKMllsG. 



ReA Danish cattle : Color, red ; product, milk, butter, and skim cheese, '.they have 

 been bred pure in Denmark for thirty to forty years. Origin of breed, Angel Schleswig. 



Jutland cattle: Color, black; age at maturity, three to three and a half years; 

 weight, 800 to 900 pounds ; product same as Red Danish. The origin of breed is Jut- 

 laud ; they have always been bred pure. 



The cattle are housed in cow-sheds from October 1 to the middle of May. The cows 

 and heifers are tied into the stalls. The feed for a cow in milk is 8 to 10 pounds of 

 corn and like, 8 to 10 pounds of hay, straw and some roots (about 20 to 40 pounds of 

 roots). Heifers are put to the bull at fifteen to eighteen months old. The butter- 

 milk and whey are used for feeding pigs. 



Topography, $c. : Altitude, slight; mean temperature, 74 C.; summer, 15.4 C., win- 

 ter, 0.5 C. Soil, clay ; the subsoil consists of a marly clay, of glacial origin, contains 

 large bowlders, and known as " bowlder clay." Timothy, clover, rye grass, &c., 

 are cultivated. 



THE ANGELN CATTLE OF DENMARK. 



REPORT BY CONSUL RYDER, OF COPENHAGEN. 



I have the honor to transmit a report on cattle of the Angeln breed 

 in Denmark. 



A woody landscape, with comparatively small fields, surrounded by 

 sheltering live hedges; a fertile, genial soil, with good grass growth, 

 and cattle, which, from remote times, have always been raised for their 

 milking qualtities, with a full ignoring of meat production, and, in 

 former times, with a contracted breeding increase, as also a sparse 

 winter foddering, and finally, a certain care taken by the population in 

 watching over the good descent of the cows on the mothers' side tbe$e 

 are the chief points from the influences of which the Angeln breed has 

 been formed. 



There may have been other causes of which I am ignorant ; for ex- 

 ample, special qualities of soil and grass, which might have influenced 

 this interweaving ; but to allow that the Angeln breed springs from 

 doubtful crossings in remoter times, that the breed sprung from English 

 cattle which one of England's kings had presented to his sister, the 

 dowager duchess of Holstein, is not needed to show their peculiar quali- 

 ties. A close observation will show that the same causes which in these 

 days keep up the Angeln breed can be accepted as having been suffi- 

 ciently potent in course of time to form the breed. 



As the most prominent features of the better class of animals may 

 be mentioned a fine, and, considered as milking cows, a regular construc- 

 tion of bone, to which may be added a somewhat small and delicate 

 head (with long lower jaw), also fine, white, slightly up-curved horns, 

 a lean and rather angular body, thin, fine neck, a fine and, frequently, 

 loose, smooth skin, and finally well-developed milk organs, and, as a rule, 

 large hind quarters. The Angeln cow, as compared with the island 

 cattle of this country, may be considered as under the average size. 



According to reports the weight of a four-year-old bull or five-year- 

 cow averages 750 to 800 pounds, which may, however, be considered 

 as somewhat high. 



These well-known features of structure in the Angeln cows are in 

 such close connection with the general life-conditions of the race that 

 in all chief respects they easily allow of being guided thereby. 



Owing to the great stress laid on the milking properties of the covr, 

 and to the fact that the offspring are either sold at a young age for 

 breeding purposes or as lean cows for grazing, for the promotion of 

 the milking qualities, the cattle movement for the meat production as 



