526 CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING. 



A marketable milch cow weighs from 400 to 900 pounds, and 

 from 20 to 65 rubles, while the price of an ox weighing from 600 to 1,100 

 pounds varies from 38 to 110 rubles and above. 



The total number of cattle in the Kingdom of Poland amounts to 

 2,700,000 head, out of which number 700,000 head are in possession of 

 large landed proprietors, while 2,000,000 head belong to the peasantry. 



Nearly the whole of the Polish cattle stock is exclusively bred for 

 the milk products to supply the local demands, and only the old and 

 worn out animals are sold to the butchers of villages and smaller 

 towns. 



The larger towns and cities of the country supply their demands with 

 cattle drawn chiefly from the "Steppe" governments of Eussia. 



The city of Warsaw, for instance, consumes annually about 65,000 

 head of the "Steppe" and only 3,000 head of native cattle, while the 

 whole Kingdom of Poland consumes about 85,000 head of cattle. 



Some of the larger landed proprietors draw considerable numbers of 

 oxen from the Eussian "Steppe" governments of Volynia, Podolia, and 

 Bessarabia, fatten, and export them to Berlin and Vienna. 



As regards the home demands of the dairy products it may be safely 

 stated that hitherto almost everywhere, with the exception of larger 

 towns, they were regulated by the amount of produce. 



As a curious fact and illustrating the above, two towns situated in 

 the government of Lubin, namely: Krasnik, 4,000 inhabitants, and Ea- 

 chow, 1,900 inhabitants, some ten years ago, with 15 per cent, less popu- 

 lation, consumed 360 and 120 gallons of fresh milk daily, respectively ; 

 at present the former consumes 1,120 gallons and the latter 400 gallons; 

 this cannot be attributed to the increase of welfare, but to the increased 

 production of milk in the vicinity. 



The foregoing data have been collected by my order through some 

 competent party, and as far as I compared them with other statements, 

 I find them fully representing the actual state of the cattle-breeding 

 industry in this country. 



As to the blank forms sent me, I beg respectfully to express my 

 regrets that I am unable to fill them up, for want of the statistical 

 offices and the prohibition of keeping such offices by private parties. 



I inclose five photographs of Polish cattle types. 



JOSEPH EAWIOZ, 



Consul. 



UNITED STATES CONSULATE, 



W arsaic, November 3, 1883. 



