528 CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING. 



for dairy farming these have already been accepted as standard stock, 

 and they no doubt will soon largely replace the native cattle for the 

 purpose, though these cannot be called unprofitable dairy animals 

 either. 



The most satisfactory of these experiments have been had with the 

 cattle from the Alps (Switzerland and the Tyrol), and these are already 

 practically bred in the north and west of Hungary, also on the eastern 

 border on the higher situated pastures of the Karpathian Mountains 

 and their valleys. Of the the above the u Eed Spotted" (the "Pinz- 

 gauer" race) and the "Brown cattle" (the race "Brachiceros") deserve 

 to be specially mentioned. 



Positively bad results have been made with the cattle from Holland 

 and Oldenburg and those from the northwest coast of the continent 

 generally. 



STATE ENCOURAGEMENT OF CATTLE-BREEDING. 



In this work for improvement the people are greatly assisted by 

 the government of the state, not only by very instructive and commend- 

 able methods of instruction, but also by financial aid where such is 

 needed ; there are other privileges granted as a further stimulant to 

 those who will be guided by the system adopted. 



To go into details : The state has been divided into breeding districts, 

 in each of which model farms have been established, mostly on lands 

 belonging to the Crown. These farms are managed and held either by 

 the state authorities or by the wealthy gentry, some of whom show ex- 

 ceptional energy and enterprise in this field. They are stocked with 

 the best breeding stock suitable to the locality, either of the native or 

 foreign races. 



From these centers the individual farmers or breeders, and also village 

 consumers, are supplied with breeding animals on very favorable terms 

 of payment, upon the condition that the progeny be placed at the dis- 

 posal of the mother establishment for further sale and distribution. 

 Thus the state is being stocked only with such animals as have proven 

 by experiment and practice to be best adapted not only to the country 

 at large but also to the separate districts, and in the same proportion 

 mongrel, defective breeds are gradually being extinguished. In a short 

 time seventy-six such model farms have been created, one of which alone 

 contains four hundred native bulls. With such a system it can be rea- 

 sonably expected that soon a complete change can be brought about in 

 the direction proving to be the most practical. 



THE WHITE CATTLE OF HUNGARY. 



There are two races of cattle in Hungary which can be called native ; 

 the so-called "White cattle" and the "Buffalo." Of these two the 

 former seems to be very well adapted for domestication in the United 

 States and becoming thus of special interest. I shall here give a short 

 sketch of the animal as far as my limited knowledge of the subject in 

 its technicalities will safely permit me to venture. I hope, however, the 

 people of the United States may be able to draw practical conclusions 

 from this sketch, the foregoing g eneralities, and the statistical results 

 accompanying my report. 



I herewith transmit two photographs of Hungarian cattle, "the White 

 native," referred to at length in my previous dispatch. I think these 

 pictures are very fine ones. 



