HUNGAKY. 533 



Tyrol and Switzerland. . Besides this, the territory is usually barred 

 against the countries to the south and east, Servia and Koumania, 

 -which are the only states also having a practical surplus. This prohibi- 

 tion is in consequence of certain cattle diseases frequently occurring 

 there. 



IMPORTS OF CANNED BEEF FROM THE UNITED STATES. 



Specially from the United States the only article imported connected 

 with this branch is canned beef but this in such small quantities that 

 it hardly deserves being recorded, and I do not anticipate that the im- 

 port from the United States will assume larger proportions or be of 

 any other character. 



f A 1 EXPORTS OF HUNGARIAN MEATS AND MEAT CATTLE. 



The export of the surplus of Hungary meets with similar difficulties 

 in the direction of Germany as that of the United States, experiences 

 with the products of swine. Germany seems to be as much afraid of 

 Hungarian cattle diseases as of the "dreaded American trichinae." 

 Shipments of live cattle to Germany are therefore prohibited. The 

 only practical outlet is Austria and its provinces ; but to show how 

 "protection " is becoming the " parole" all over Europe, I may mention 

 that though perfect free trade exists within Austria-Hungary, both be- 

 ing within one and the same customs district, the former state has 

 lately made quite a serious attempt to exclude the cattle of the latter; 

 the attempt, however, has failed, and I will therefore not go further 

 into the details of it. 



Italy is open to Hungarian cattle and beef, but seems to find them 

 too good or too dear for her demands. 



Repeated efforts have been made to export dressed beef in refrigator 

 cars to France (Paris), but the obstructions and difficulties proved too 

 great and the ventures failed. For veterinary, sanitary reasons (?) 

 Germany would not allow dressed beef to pass through its territory 

 (somewhat as she objects of late to American pork passing through in 

 transit). The beef therefore had to be taken by the roundabout way 

 through Northern Italy, which proved too tedious, and I suppose too ex- 

 pensive to make the undertaking practical or profitable. During the 

 coming summer the new Arlberg tunnel route will be opened, and this, 

 it is hoped, will give a more direct route to France and, at the same 

 time, make Switzerland a possible field of export. 



Hungary and Austria, belonging as stated to one and the same cus- 

 toms district, there is no official statistics kept of the interstate trade, 

 the exact number of cattle shipped from the one to the other is there- 

 fore not known. The railroads show that during 1883 there were 

 183,000 head of cattle shipped from Hungary to Austria ; nearly half 

 of this number went to Vienna alone. Of course, many were taken 

 across the border on foot, but there is no record of these. Many of the 

 cattle thus taken to Austria, outside of the larger cities, are work-oxen, 

 a good pair of such being worth about $200 to $220. 



HEALTHINESS OF HUNGARIAN CATTLE. 



The cattle of the Hungarian race are peculiarly free from disease, and 

 the experience of many years has proven more particularly that the 

 oriental cattle plague, though it is at home at. no great distance to 



