558 



CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING. 



bases of the soils. In the eastern part, say east and north of a line 

 drawn from Kingston to Collingwood, the average depth of alluvium 

 does not exceed a few feet, and is generally of Laurentian or Hurouian 

 origin. The middle section partakes of the nature of both the others. 



The pastures are generally rich, and the country abounds in lakes and 

 streams. 



J. F. HAZELTOX, 



Consul. 

 UNITED STATES CONSULATE, 



Hamilton, January 10, 1884. 



Special statistics concerning cattle in Eastern Ontario. 



Na.me of breed. 



Annual av- 

 erage yield 

 oi r milk. 



Milk to 

 pound of 

 butter. 



Milk to 

 pound of 

 cheese. 



Live weight, average. 



Cow. Bull. Ox. 



Age at 



Ayrshire 



Aberdeen Poll 



Devon 



Durham 



Galloway 



Hereford 



Hols tern 



Jersey.' 



Pound*. 

 6,000 

 6,000 

 5,500 

 5,500 

 6,000 

 6,000 

 6,500 

 6,500 



Pounds. 

 23 

 24 

 23 

 22 

 24 

 24 

 26 

 20 



Pounds. 

 10 

 10 

 10 

 10 



Lbs. 

 800 

 900 

 900 



1.000 

 950 



3,000 

 950 

 800 



Lte. 



1,200 



1,500 



1,500 



1,01)0 



1,500 



1,600 



1, 500 



1,200 



Lbs. 

 1,400 

 1,600 

 1,600 

 1,800 

 1,600 

 1,800 

 1,600 

 1,400 



Tears. 



Pounds. 



750 

 900 

 900 

 1, 000 

 900 

 950 

 800 

 700 



Name of breed. 



Color, <tc. 



bred 

 pure. 



Ayrshire 



Aberdeen Poll.... 



Devon 



Durham * 



Galloway ., 



Hereford 



Holatein 



Jersey., 



Spotted, red and white ; fine sharp head ; heavy behind ; 

 long horns. 



Black ; no horns ; heavy 



Brown; long bodies ; well shaped 



Dark4m>wn; shorthorns; heavy quarters 



Black; no horns; ungainly 



Red with white face ; short legs; long bodies 



Spotted, black and white; horned; large 



Gray ; small limbed ; smooth 



Tears. 

 20 



10 

 20 

 25 

 10 



11 



Scotland. 



Do. 

 England. 



Do! 



Do. 



Holland. 

 Jersey. 



Altitude, 250 feet above the level of the sea. Mean temperature, 45.42 ; 

 summer, 67.66; winter, 33.17. Soil: A few feet of alluvial in Eastern Ontario, 

 great depth in Western Ontario, and middle section an average ; loam, clay, sand, &c., 

 to some extent ; all three in Eastern Ontario, according to location. Substratum : 

 Limestone, large quantity ; sandstone to some extent ; granite, very little ; clay and 

 gravel, large quantities. 



Cultivated grasses : Timothy and clover are among the principal crops ; rye-grass 

 not abundant . 



Housing, feeding, $-0.: The cattle are housed in good barns with sheds . attached, 

 most of them tied up in winter at night ; others in stalls and boxes, depending on 

 kind and value of animal. Good mixed hay, a few roots, and a small quantity of 

 chopped oats, corn, peas, or barley in winter constitute the feed. For breeding the 

 male and female of good constitution and qualities are used. The product is sold 

 generally to farmers and breeders to improve their stock. 



JERSEYS IMPROVED BY IMPORT. 



Mr. Valancey E. Fuller to Contul 



HAMILTON, ONT., December 17, 1883. 



DEAR SIR : As you are aware the character of the soil in and around Hamilton is 

 from a light sandy, gravelly soil to a stiff clay, and this part of Ontario is underlaid 

 by limestone. 



