DOMINION OF CANADA. 565 



Shorthorn. They are very enduring, and do good service in the dairy, 

 having also fair beefing qualities. The Galloway breed are represented 

 here to a very small extent. These cattle are appreciated more for their 

 labor than for milking or beefing qualities, being strong, hardy animals, 

 with heavy necks and shoulders. The thick covering of heavy black 

 hair which they possess forms a noticeable protection against this cold 

 climate; they are also without horns. Thus protected and unencum- 

 bered they appear to be peculiarly adapted for labor in the unbroken 

 forest. 



DISTILLERY-FED CATTLE FOE EXPORT TO ENGLAND. 



There are 1,200 head of cattle fattened for market annually at this 

 place. They are known as distillery fed, and are placed in the feeding 

 stall in November. Only such animals as are of good frame, three to 

 six years old, weighing at the time 1,000 to 1,100 pounds per head, are 

 selected for this purpose. The daily routine of feeding begins at 6 

 o'clock in the morning all the hay they will eat in two hours. At 8 

 a. m., mash from the distillery, quite thick with meal, is given them. 

 At noon mash again, and at 2 o'clock p. m. hay. At 6 p. m. the troughs 

 are filled with mash, and the cribs with hay, which is an abundant sup- 

 ply for the night. This system of feeding is accompanied with good 

 housing, and produces very choice beef. The usual time occupied in 

 feeding as herein described is from six to seven months, and when these 

 cattle are taken from the feeding stall their weight is 1,500 to 1,600 

 pounds per head. The valuation on the spot will average $100 each. 

 They are at once shipped to England, and the cost of transportation to 

 Liverpool, including insurance, attendence, and food during the voy- 

 age, does not exceed $22 per head. Their valuation in the English 

 markets are from $140 to $150 per head, netting a handsome profit. 



The prices for young cattle here are the following : For bulls eighteen 

 months old, $75 to $100 ; heifers, yearlings, $20 to $30 per head. Such 

 stock is not supposed to bo pure, although classed as high grade. 



EXPORT TO THE UNITED STATES. 



Transportation to the United States by direct and continuous rail- 

 road connections at very small cost. The twelve to twenty-four hours 

 occupied in transit from here to prominent marts in the United States 

 dispenses with the additional cost for care and food. Buyers from the 

 United States are constantly in Canadian markets for young cattle. 

 Beeves, however, are seldom exported to the United States from this 

 district. 



In view of the important question of profit or loss to the dairyman 

 when the animal passes the age, or for other cause, when it shall cease 

 to contribute profitably to the dairy, attention is then directed to its 

 beefing qualities, and what appears to be most wanted is a grade ani- 

 mal that will attain to the greatest weight in the shortest time, and not 

 be injuriously affected by a change in food or climate. These desirable 

 qualities may be fully relied upon as characteristic of the Durhams and 

 Herefords. Therefore it is my humble opinion that these are the best 

 breeds to export to the United States. 



HARRY L. SLAGHT, 



Consul. 



UNITED STATES CONSULATE, 



Prescott, April 8, 1884. 



