568 



CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING. 



l>rro<ls in district. Thcro arc luit the two crosses from Durham and Ayrshires in this 

 listrift. Tlu milk all ^oes to the cheese factory, except such as is used in the family. 

 From }>;m'-brt'(l stock, >}M prr season has been reali/.ed ; the average, as indicated by 

 chn->.' factory ret urns, is S'J^. 'J'he Durham matures at three year.-i of a<j;o. 



Topography: Tim southern port ion of this district is from U) to 1,00 feet above 

 I'-vrl of the sea: The northern from f>00 to -J.niXi fr,-t. Mean temperature, 47.7; 

 ]iiu r l'."<t (S.'ptemher^. ( J- : lowest (February), 1G C . Soil: Alluvial, loam, and clay; 

 sandy in patches only. Substratum : Southern portion of district, Silurian limestone; 

 northern, Iluroniari and Laurentian granite; bowlder clay ill small portions. Tim- 

 othy ; 4 :;d clovi-r are the <-j;lt i vated <j;i;i>srs. 



Honting, r\c<iin : t, .fr. : The cattle are housed in inclosed sheds. During the milking 

 :i ro'otd are the feed : when not, dry straw and grain once a day. 



CATTLE IN THE CARLTON COUNTY, ONTARIO. 



REPORT r,Y COXMKKCIAL AGI^XI XOBEIXS. 



The consular district of Ottaw;; embraces a large extent of country, 

 with a great variety of soil and climate ; but for the purposes of this 

 report I shall confine my investigations to the county of Carleton, of 

 which Ottawa is the county scat. 



TOPOGRAPHY. 



As the published official reports fail to show the mean temperature 

 of Ottawa 1 have selected two of the nearest stations, viz, Pembroke 

 and Cornwall. Pembroke- is west and north and Cornwall south and 

 east of Ottawa, and the results given below will indicate tiie tempera- 

 ure of this district. 



temperature in (a en quarter of the year 1831. 



SOIL. 



The soil of Cnrlefon County varies in the several townships, but clay, 

 sandy and black loams predominate. In this immediate vicinity there 

 is a good deal of limestone rock'. All the cultivated grasses do well, 

 limothy and clover being the. ruling classes. Of the improved land, 

 about one-half is reported as first class for agricultural purposes $ about 

 one-ouarter second class, and the remaining quarter third class. There 

 is considerable swampy land as yet unredeemed, as also a good deal 

 of land so rocky as to he unlit for profitable cultivation. The county 

 is generally well watered. 



ATKKAfJI-; PRODUCTION. 



The average, production of grain, <Src., is reported as follows: Fall 

 wheat, L'O bushels per acre; spring, \~> bushels; barley, 30 bushels; 

 oats, 35 bushels j rye, 20 bushels; peas, UO bushels; corn, 25 bushels; 



