574 ' CATTLE* AND DAIRY ' FARMING. 



Topography , <fo. : Altitude, 500 to 1,050 feet above sea-level ; moan temperature 

 (estimated), 35 above zero ; summer, 60 above ; winter, 10 above. There are no 

 records kept here except those kept by the Grand Trunk Railroad. I did not know 

 thia in time to secure correct figures from the Grand Trunk general office at Montreal. 

 The soil varies in different localities so that it i3 fairly correct to designate mixed, 

 loam, clay, and sand, in equal proportions. 



Cultivated graces are timothy, clover, and red top, 



Housing, feeding, $c. : The cattle are kept in stalls and loose boxes on ground floors 

 of barns and sheds. Special care is taken on the breeding farms for thoroughbred 

 stock. Cattle are housed in basements of main barns with hay and straw in lofts, root 

 cellars near at hand, &c. The feed consists of hay, turnips, corn, barley, oatmeal, bran, 

 oil-cake, cotton-seed meal, &c. Timothy hay fed whole, but clover hay chopped and 

 mixed with pulped turnips, also with meal, bran, and oil-cake for young stock. Roots 

 fed whole or sliced for mature stock. Good grade cattle are made by crossing Short- 

 horns, Hereford, or Polled Angus on to native Canadian stock. The best dairy stock 

 is pure Canadian or pure Jersey or crosses of the two. Much care is taken by breed- 

 ers to keep their strains pure. Much of the beef products are shipped alive to England 

 and Scotland and much is consumed at home, while a fair per cent, goes to the mar- 

 kets of the United States. Beef cattle are generally well handled. Much butter and 

 cheese is produced. The cheese is exceptionally good and the butter about equal to 

 the average butter of the United States. 



CATTLE IN THE GASPE BAY DISTRICT. 



REPORT BY CONSUL HOLT. 



Little attention has been given to the improvement of the breed of 

 cattle on this coast, consequently they are small and inferior, and of no 

 value to those who are interested in the selection, of animals for breed- 

 ing purposes. They consist' mainly of mixed breeds from Polled cattle 

 from the Magdalen Islands, and Jerseys and Canadian, of an average 

 live weight of from. 4 cwt. for the cow to C cwt. for the ox, and yielding 

 about 100 pounds of butter per cow annually. 



GEO. H, HOLT, 



Consul. 

 UNITED STATES CONSULATE^ 



Gaspe Basin, October 6, 1883. 



CATTLE IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. 



REPORT BY CONSUL WORDEN, OF CHARLOTTETOWN. 



I have the honor to forward herewith the form which accompanied 

 the cattle circular of July 18, 1883. Many causes have operated to 

 hinder its compilation, and now it is with considerable doubt as to its 

 availability that I send it to the Department. 



Tt is only within a few years that the farmers of this province have 

 begun to comprehend the advisability of improving the native cattle by 

 importations from England. 



A farm was purchased by the local government some years since, 

 and a number of pure and well-bred cattle put upon it. Their progeny 

 have, from time to time, been sold at auction, and gradually the grade 

 of the cattle now bred on the island is being improved. This farm is 

 maintained at the expense of the local-government. No pains are taken 

 to give the farming community the advantage of the stock raised. At 

 present the character of the stock is not equal to that of Ontario, 



