UJ4 CATTLE AND DAIKY FAKMIMJ. 



The same author (anonymous, but Avhose book is issned by the au- 

 thority of tin* euiisulate-^eneral of I'ru^uay. London, ISS.'J) estimates 

 tin- '-commercial value of an ox, youn^ aucl in good condition," as fol- 

 lows: 



Hide, l> pounds, at 71 ival> per 7.~> pounds $0 4!5 



Tallow, -in pounds, at I:! reals per 'J.~> ]onnds -J 04 



Meat, l.")U pounds, at .';> reals per quintal ol H") pounds ) 1H.I 



Kemnaiiis.. ro 



Total 18 87 



The sahulero expenses for each animal are about $3. GO. 



TIIE LIEIUG i:XTliACT OF T.EEF FACTORY. 



The " Liebi^ Extract of Beet"" lias now a world-wide reputation; in- 

 deed, 1 believe that it, has become the universal prescription lor debility 

 and prostration. The factory is located in this llepnblic, at Fray Ben- 

 tos, in the department of llio Xc^ro, on the river Uruguay. It em- 

 ploys over rOU men, and loads at its own wharves upwards of 80 ves- 

 sels during the year for the export of the produce to Europe. As this 

 factory and its extract have become so famous, they merit more than a 

 passing notice. Indeed, it must be a matter of interest and curiosity to 

 the thousands of invalids who daily consume the Liebig extract to 

 know how it is made. 



The best description given of it; is by Mr. Ilathbone, in his report to 

 the Orange Estancia Company, Liverpool, from which we will make 

 such extracts as our limited space will allow : 



The cattle arc, on arrival, driven into large corrals or paddocks, arranged so as to 

 Mipply them with water, "but no food is given to them. A long, narrow passage, ahout 

 i; or 7 feet wide, and skirted liy a long, narrow platform pathway, about the height 

 of the animal's horns, leads down to a small paddorh, Avit h a similar pathway around 

 and ,-; bridge over the opening into the galpon, which is further closed by a movable 

 beam. Jielow the bridge is a large, low, square iron truck on a tramway which runs 

 into the galpon, and brandies into two parallel lines, so t hat tin* two trucks may pass 

 cadi OT her. Along the left side of 1 he, shed are. long ranges of rails i'or hanging meat ; 

 ami along the right hand, a llat, slightly shelving, llaggcd spaco for laying the oxen 

 upon. At the end of the shed is a large brine bai h for soaking the skins, and beyond 

 thi- there are further sheds where I he skins are piled np AY i !h salt previous to being 

 shipped. In saladcros the skins are, generally sailed, but on estancias the hides are. 

 usually dried. As I arrived, ahout tit'ty oxen were being hunted down the " race" 

 or paddock into the fatal paddock. 



# # * 



When the paddock Avas full and the gate shut, a man Avilh a lasso, of Avhich one 

 end was attached to a steam Avinch outside (natives call it the English horse), Avent 

 round the p;u Irvvay and threw 1 he noose, over the mo>t prominent horns he could see, 

 Avhich were by no ni'-ans ordinarily the nearest to the bridge. The Avincli being set 

 going, the beast was hauled, si umbling and slipping and pushing aside all animals in 

 its \\rty. till its head \v ;M chocked up against the otherbeam leading into the galpon, 

 upon which stood the Uilh-r. who, Avith a slabclose behind t lie head wit h a large dag- 

 ger-bbided knife, cut 1 he spinal cord, and the animal at once dropped Avith a heavy 

 thud, but without a st r T, _ruif. onio the iron truck ; the lower beam was then rapidly 

 withdrawn, the lasso disengaged, and the truck run into the galpon by the men. 

 Ji'-ie, by means of a lasso attached to a horse, the animal was hitched into its place 

 at the side of the shed, Avhere a skinner wa-> waiting for it. who immediately cut its 

 thrit and began to skin it. The blood was caught in large scoops and ladled into 

 casks placed for the purpose. Meanwhile- t he sk inner rapidly took the skin oil', and, 

 t hough sensation was probably t horoughly destroyed by severance of the spinal cord, 

 yer muscular act ion was not , and it was rat h.'r gha--tl v to see t h^ st niggles of an an- 

 imal with half its skin olf, and even to detect a .sound painfully like a bellow. These 

 mo\ emt-nt- seem to take place Avhen certain nerves were touched about the neck, and 

 thus set in action. The skin off, it was taken to the brine bath spoken of, the entrails 

 were taken out and carried away, the ribs cleared of llesh, and the limbs cut off and 



