(j S _ CAT TLE - AND - DAIRY . FARMING . 



..ml their workmen to be otherwise usefully employed. These 

 i : the Italian Government to ofier, in 1873 and 1874, several prizes, 



-lit - w;j < - -..'10 :;:>.d a gold medal, tothe l>est managed association, under 

 ;ir;ii ',' - <>: i|i. n:u;;ui. i",! for the manufacture and sale of butter and cheese, or 



either, ;<> le th r< liter -taried. composed of at least ten associates having equal rights, 

 woiking : > : f milk per day, and having a cheese-maker in their sole employ. 



Sim e i lien ehi : us have greatly increased in number and improved in manage- 



ment. Tlii ' arc- ev .;. where, in Italy except Sicily, where small milk-owners carry their 

 milk t 11 find when, aft T a month, they have delivered to these 'J50 or 300 



quart-, thev n ceive ihat quantity back at one time. This system of reciprocal loans is 

 mnt'ially hem hcial, ;is a large quantity of milk worked at one time makes more cheese 

 than the. same amount worked in small quantities at different times. 



1 tru-t. sir, that my sug'.:.\--< ion of imitating Italian cheese will commend itself, and 

 inure to the benefit of our (iairymen; for while it is a proud thing for a people to teach, 

 the secret of national pivsneritv consists in having the manliness to learn. 



THUS. C. T. CHAIN, 



Coiisul. 

 UNITED STATES CON.^TLATE, 



Milan, liny Ul, 1S31. 



THE MANUFACTURE OF SWISS CHEESE.* 



KLPUL'T 7.T CONSUL ADAMS, OF GENEVA. 



The manufacture of cheese is one of the most ancient industries of Switzerland, in- 

 struments for this purpose, having been found in different parts of the country among 

 the ruins of the " hike dwellings." whose date is anterior to all historical records. In 

 the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries the production had grown large enough to be- 

 come the subject of legislation, as appears irom some curious decrees of IJerue, Claris, 

 Appen/ell. and other c >untries, prescribing the form and weight of the cheeses, and for- 

 bidding the manufacture of certain sorts or any exportation \j foreign countries. At 

 the end of the Hs f , century (hr> ine.thods of manufacture were of the rude kind still in 

 use among the monni .- :.: in the remote districts, each household making what it 

 needed without any special conveniences or skilled processes. The modern manufacture 

 dates from the introduction, K) or !)0 years ago, of the cultivation of artificial fodder 

 (fonrni'iPH art (lit i- . an i the system of stabling cattle, now universal in the lower val- 

 leys and the p! tin . The i:'n>r., Yemeni of quality created a wider demand at home and 

 a newmavkel in Miu ; countries, and to-day the better kindsofSwisschee.se are as much 

 a proiluct of skill and high art as the Swiss watch. 



The several varieties are c!a<si;ied either according to consistency of material, as .'//'/-. 

 f<nn'. and 1/1011 hard, linn, and sol'; i, or, according to the proj>ortion of fatty matter, as 

 ', . ; . (rich, medium, or thin), or. according to the coagulation. 



whether !>;.-).;.. ,r by sour milk (n lait ai(jr< '. Table: A gives a descrin- 



1i n of the l)d ter-known varieties according to the qualities indicated, ami Table 1- an 

 '. i' some of the same varieties. With the exception of (he 

 originated in France, and the, Trsercn from Ilaly, and a few 

 ' : like the Limburg, all the kinds named here are native and 



ill!! j id 'in! of the Swiss cheeses is I lie 7,\'////o///m', a round cheese. 

 ':, !'i to 1 .~> centimeters thick, and weighing Irom 50 to 

 ' rich cheeses i froiiff/r t/t <!.}, which retain nearly all the 

 inn lit ive \ alue is high. Il was iir-t made in the valley of the 

 me, whence it follo\ved the IJeriesc e;nigratio?i into the neigli- 

 ';w made in large (juanl it ies, and into I'.avaria, fiussia, 

 :L;i and Sotilh A. merica. The exportation Ixgan in the hist 

 and now it is sent everywhere, th-- |>rineij)al markets 

 ..nil the I'nited States, where, I believe, it is known as 

 a <.'< i de'il t.f I jn.at nth-il itiitjnm l.( made, mostly for France, 

 of 'but 1 1 i . 



" ' i ; e. . .' , c, i .iiled a!'i> r 1 he village ot' that name in Fribourg, 

 ' o rcvt inn lers in dianieti r, '.) to 1 '.I en it hue! ers 1 hick, weigh- 

 c. inn- into great repute u itiiiu the ia>t ten \eais, .since the 



frc,:;i (Vmsular Keport Xo. 15, for January, 1882. 



