SUPPLEMENT. 



685 



E. Prices per 50 kilos of different varieties of Swiss c7ief*cfrom 1851 to 1880. 



F. Highest quotations of cheese in different Swiss markets per Mo for October, 1880. 



LYELL T. ADAMS, 



Consul. 



UNITED STATES CONSULATE, 



Geneva, November 25, 1881. 



SCIENTIFIC DAIRY INSTRUMENTS. 



REPORT PREPARED FOR CONSUL SHAW, OF MANCHESTER, BY MR. JAMES LONG, OP 



HETCH1N, ENGLAND. 



Milk testers are not particularly numerous; indeed, it is questionable whether an ab- 

 solutely perfect instrument can be devised inasmuch as specific gravity, as well as the 

 cream test has proved inefficient when used alone. The use of the lactometer, creamom- 

 eter, and thermometer in combination, however, are found to be very sure tests; and 

 although, in cases of prosecution, analysis is resorted to yet in private practice, the above 

 will answer every purpose. Cream is measured in a glass tube called a cream-gauge or 

 test-tube or in a glass jar and called a cream measurer or creamometer. The lactometer 

 is really a hydrometer adapted by a modification in its scale to test the density of milk 

 instead of the density of water in like manner as by other modifications suited to the 

 requirements of the various liquids, separate forms of the hydrometer are made and known 

 by the names of alcohometer, saccharometer, &c. In the accompanying illustration the 

 lactometer is on the left hand, and a set of test-tubes or creamometers are between the 

 lactometer and thermometer. 



The lactometer (called the " lactidensime'ter " or " er.rouvette " on the Continent) is 

 used for gauging the density of milk. It was invented i>y M. Quevenne, a medical man 

 ? n Paris, and is now in general use, although the scale dilFers in various countries. It is 

 bimilar to an ordinary hydrometer, and is furnished with a scale, which shows the density 

 of the milk at a glance. A given volume of water weighing 1,000 pounds, is no larger in 



