694 CATTLE AND- DAIRY FARMING. 



stores according to the price of the day; (5) all other movable effects, with a statement 

 of their value after deducting at least 5 per cent, for wear and tear; (6) all fixtures ac- 

 cording to their cost (provided the general assembly does not decide otherwise); (7) all 

 interest-bearing debts only collectible in the next year's accounts. 



Passive capital. (1) The members' shares in the business; (2) the reserve-fund; (3) 

 debts on capital; (4) unpaid bills; (5) expenses yet due and unpaid (income, wages of 

 hands, &c.); (6) interest yet due, but not payable before the next year's account, reck- 

 oned to the end of the year. 



The surplus of the active over the passive capital constitutes the net profit, the sur- 

 plus of the passive over the active the net loss. 



29. Any possible loss ia covered T>y deduction from the reserve-fund. Should the lat- 

 ter not prove sufficient, then the members are to bear the deficiency in proportion to the 

 measures of milk delivered during the year passed and to pay in the amount in cash. 



30. The profits are to be applied as follows: (1) A sum in marks equal to the number of 

 hectoliters of milk delivered to the dairy during the previous year shall be applied to 

 cancelling borrowed capital and to the formation of a reserve-fund; (2) the remainder 

 shall be distributed among the members pro rata, according to the quantity of milk de- 

 livered; (3) when all capital debts shall have been paid and when the reserve fund 

 shall have attained the amount of 1,500 marks the net gain shall be distributed to the 

 members pro rata as above mentioned. 



31. In order to prevent a loss in the yearly accounts, milk should not be paid for higher 

 than at 8 pfennig per liter. 



32. In voting upon amendments to the statutes or the enacting of new ones, as well 

 as upon a dissolution of membership, the presence of at least two-thirds of all the mem- 

 bers is necessary in the general assembly, and at least four-fifths of those present must 

 vote affirmatively to render such action valid. If the dissolution of membership is de- 

 cided upon, then the property remaining on hand after deducting the debts, will be 

 paid over to the members in proportion to the quantities of milk delivered by each 

 member to the dairy during the last two years. The same rule is applicable to the pay- 

 ment of debts. The liquidators are to be chosen by the General Assembly. 



33. All disputes concerning decisions under these as well as future statutes of the 

 association shall be acted upon by the general assembly. No member is allowed to 

 waive this, and the law has no voice therein. 



34. All publications of the Association shall be made in its firm name and over the 

 signature of the superintendent, in the newspaper published at Heidenheim, entitled 

 the "Grenzboten," also in the Wiirttemberg Weekly Journal for Agriculture. 



35. In questions not provided for by these statutes, the German Association law shall 

 decide. 



TRANSPORT OF CATTLE. 



REPORT PREPARED FOR CONSUL SHAW, OF MANCHESTER, BY MR. JAMES LONG, OF 



HETCH1N, ENGLAND. 



Inquiries tinder this head have been made of every firm of shippers to America in 

 England, but the great majority have nothing to do with the transport of live-stock. 

 Particulars, however, have been obtained from some firms which will be found of con- 

 siderable value, but it appears that the general arrangements of fitting stalls, feeding, 

 cartage, and minor matters arc usually left to and made by independent persons of whom, 

 so far as can be learned, only one, Mr. Sherlock, of 9 Canning Place, Liverpool, is regu- 

 larly engaged in the business and able to give spific information. There are other 

 persons who undertake this work but only in a casual way, as they may be employed 

 by breeders, or dealers in cattle in their particular districts. Some persons make their 

 own arrangements and send stock men across the Atlantic whom they have themselves 

 selected for the work. Mr. Sherlock's particulars, however, will be found most valua- 

 ble, and the account he annexes will be a good guide to intending shippers. There ia 

 not always the necessity for engaging any particular firm unless the number of animals 

 to be sent is large; for if the British exporter is an intelligent and careful man he can 

 surely be trusted to manage this without the additional expense of an agency. 



The writer has himself exported to America and found little or no difficulty in the 

 matter. Communication was made with the shipping firm who forwarded information 

 as to the time when the cattle were to arrive and where they were to be sent. They 

 were fitted with specially-made halters, insured, and victualed with an ample quantity 

 of food. They were then met at the station, conducted to the vessel, and placed under 

 the care of one of the men on board who was allowed for the purpose and used to the 

 work. ID such a case the vessel is watched from the other side, and the animals taken 



