728 CATTLE AND DAlliV FAUM1NG. 



Animals hi !.-:; : :._r [o this family are- distinguishable by their li^ht boil}' frame, their 

 fzracr:nl. svfll-proponioned body, small h ad \vit!i broad ilat forehead, and handsome 

 vvtdl-diivi ted hi in-, \\hich a iv alwav.- brill iant 1 '.' black. The eye is well placed, ani- 

 mated in expression, and the ^oneral aspect docile. 



The oxen an- lapiial worki rs, and when latiem d their meat is considered second to 

 none on the Paris market, where it is known us Choi let beef. 



The co\\s are iroc.d miikcis. and are u^eu exclu-ivelv for milk production, never beinjj; 

 put to draught work. On the rich pastures of Loire, alon^ the coast 1'rom Loire to 

 Charentc, cosvs of this b;ved are often mei with, which ean hold their own as milkers 

 with tlie linest animals known. 



TIII; TAiiKxiAisi-: on TAUIXI: I.KI-:KD. 



The small-s'/ed broed. originally- from the mountains of Tarentaise, is quiet, hardy, 

 patient, and dist in:.:ui>hed forits working po\\\:r. and above ull for itsfjuality as a milker. 



The coat is light j:ray. the c>;tremitie> and tlie jiatural apertures black. In the 

 bull the coat is moie frequently badger ^ray, black on the, neck, cheeks, and lower 

 parts; i;i the cow it is la\vnv, or of a s^rav v.'h.eat color. oV'servable in no other breed. 



The trunk is f.mpari, tho 1.^ short, th'j side.-, rounded, the head short, the forehead 

 broad, thel:or::s well set (-n. t!;e e\ es lav^e and mild. 



These animals are eminently titled to replace sheep on the Alpine pastures, and yet 

 maintain their iitness for the ML-aiterrauean lilt'jral, de.-pito the heat of the climate. 



Tho Lretonr.e breod. which would a])peav to have originally come from the depart- 

 ment of Morbihan. is nu-t with in the live departmeni -; forming the ancient province of 

 Jirittany, witli the e\i ejtion of a portion of Loirc-infei'ieuro, where the Parthenaisc and 

 Xantaise breeds are kept, and the confines of llle-et-Yilaine, where Xormamly stock is 

 preferred. 



r.retons are ]iar;ly, doeile, and ^ r ood v/orkers. 



The cow, whi;:li lias been justly'deseribed a-; the mttkcr pur c.cecUcncp. of poor districts, 

 is small and sijuat, the limbs are short mid rather slim, and the extremities particularly 

 slender: the iu-ad short, the eve viva-.-i.ms, the mu/./.L' lilack. occasionally mottled, and 

 raivly white; the horn.-i ih'.nand vrhite at. l!i ; b:i.-e, but o-.-a^ioually dissimilar; the coat 

 p.-nerally ]>i.-d l.laek, the skin line, lissomi;, and ivadiiy detached, the gait quick and 

 deeided. and the dis])o.-,ition mild and sociable. 



In the more fertile . nd butter cultivated part-; of I'.rittany animals of the Bretonne 

 race are more developed ::::d oxliibit a licttcr shape .u'-nerally. 



<.):i t:;c north coa<t, and in IT nistere especially, ])iv-d chest :r.it animals are mot with, 

 having some resemblance to tin ChaTi:u-l [sland-5 breed, so specially remarkable as milk- 

 ers. 'Most of these arc the result of crosses with bull; other than those of JJrittany, the 

 object in view having been to Increase, the si/ ; .' of the l>r-'!o:me breed. 



The Durham br^o-1 was introduced into Frair-e in 1 -o by the "Administration de 

 l'Aj:ricultnre," ably secondv-d by MM. An*:. Vvart :in-l Lei'"b\re do Sainte-Marie. 



It w;isatiir<t located at the Tin Stud I arm, but since 1HC1 the experimental breeding 

 station ha; been transferred to (Jorbin, in Calvados. The fouii'lation of this establish- 

 ment has had a LT- it in!luenc;> on the pro .- of J'rench agriculture, by showing stock- 

 own-i the ;id\ ni 1 , ;' a : 1 v ma', u rin.'-4 brcv- : : . 



The di-t inct ivc (jualitit-s o!' 1 >u: hams are their ex t i.iordinary ajttitude for putting on 

 fl-'li, and their fjr.-al [' 'i-oeity wlii'-Ii allows of t!i'-ir b'-hv; slaughtered at three years 

 (id. or a little more, air! alwavsat less lli.ci ionr year-;. Tin- s!ia]>e of the Durham ox, 

 (ailed in l'.n"'a:: ! :'. ' iliorn improved," is i)t-rfect from the Imtchcr's ])oint of 



vie \-,- . 



hurhams are Ic-s dil'licult to n ar th :n ia:"h' b stippo^eil, and they succeed perfectly 

 well under favorable ronditii is. Thev have iiM-rca-"d lai;'cly in the de]>artments of 

 Mai: - '-' in and Mayemic. wh'-re \}\\ v are maintained pmv', and arc met with here 

 and 1 here in a'l parts ol tl'ccounl ry. .'Numerous In red inflations have been established, 

 and arc ; ;; . ucsinx wi-11, in ( 'ote-d'Or, !'ini>tere, I l!e-el -Viiaiue. Loire, Orme, Sarthe, 

 Scine-InfeTieun-, and some other depar! merits of Central I'rance. 



Th" Trench 'Herd-book," ei -.hi volumes of v.bicii have now appeared, shows that 

 more ll:.-! n 1: i. in 'it | MM ham bu IN and cows have b( r-n u.-ed ior breed iji-j; purposes in I' 1 ranee 

 Hii< e 1 -., -. and ti .1 (lie bull - especially h, i ve contributed much towards the creation of 

 a considerable number oi dc-.-.i ruble crosses. 



