THE BUFFALO-BERRY. 257 



The landscape, as a whole, possesses a savage wildness peculiar to itself, 

 and bears strong indications of volcanic action. The mountains are not 

 so high as those of other parts, but are far more forbidding in their aspect. 

 The prevailing rock is lava, scoriated basalt, trap, bituminous limestone, 

 and calcareous tufa. 



The valiey of Bear river aflbrds a number of springs strongly impreg- 

 nated with various mineral properties, which cannot fail to excite the curi- 

 osity and interest of the traveller. They are found upon the left bank of 

 the stream, a short distance below a small ailiaent from the north. 



Two of them are situated in a small grove of cedars, within a short dis- 

 tance of each other. 



In passing their vicinity the attention of the traveller is at once arrested 

 by the hissing noise they emit ; and on approaching to ascertain the cause, 

 he finds two circular-shaped openings in the surface, several feet in diame- 

 ter, and filled with transparent fluid in a state of incessant efl^'ervescence, 

 caused by the action of subterranean gases. 



The water of the one he finds on tasting to be excellent natural soda, and 

 that of the other, slightly acid and beer-like ; — the draught will prove deli- 

 cious and somewhat stimulating, but, if repeated too freely, it is said to pro- 

 duce a kind of giddiness like intoxication. These singular natural curios- 

 ities are known among the trappers as the Beer and tSoda springs, names 

 not altogether inappropriate. 



A few hundred yards below these, is another remarkable curiosity, called 

 the Steamboat spring. This discharges a column of mineral water from a 

 rock-formed orifice, accompanied with subterraneous sounds like those pro- 

 duced by a high-pressure steamboat. 



Besides the above-described, there are a number of others in this vicinity 

 of equally mineral character, as well as several hot springs, varying in tem- 

 perature from blood to that of extreme boiling heat. 



Bear river valley contains many wide spreads of most excellent land, 

 susceptible of a high state of cultivation. In fertility it is unsurpassed, and 

 varies in width from one and a half to three miles. 



The stream is not heavily timbered, but the scattering groves of pine and 

 cedar among the adjoining mountains partially atone for any apparent defi- 

 ciency. 



Towards its head, the hills upon either side are less rugged and barren, 

 and present more frequent intervals of verdancy. 



I noticed a large number of fruit-bearing shrubs and bushes, including 

 cherry, service, goose, and buffalo-berries, (two kinds,) with currants. 



The bushes of the buffalo-berry were not as yet entirely divested of thei 

 delicious burthen, and aflbrded a new variety of that fruit hitherto not havip 

 come under my observation. 



This berry is about the size of and similar in shape to the common currant. 

 There are three kinds, — the white, yellow, and red, {shepherdia argenlia.) 



The red is of a slightly tartish taste, but not unpleasant ; the yellow is 

 somewhat less acid, but otlierwise similar to the red ; the white, however, 

 is most excellent tasted, and possesses a delicious sweetness which causes 

 it to be highly relished. 



This fruit has several small seeds in it, like those of the whortleberry, 

 and grows upon a bush in shape and size quite like the common shrub-oak, 

 22* 



