262 HARBORS ETC. 



•.vhich, as the country becomes settled, will contribute to the facilities of 

 commerce and manufactures. 



The rivers of Oregon, in the abundance and quality of their fish, are 

 unparalleled. At certain seasons of the year, their waters are comj)letely 

 alive with ihe countless myriads that swarm them to their very sources. 



Even the small streams are not exempt from this thronging population. 

 So great is their number they are frequently taken by the hand ; and, w^ith 

 the aid of a net, several barrels may be caught at a single haul. It re- 

 quires but little effirt to obtain them, and large quantities are annually 

 sliippf'd to the ISandwicli Islands and various other points. 



Fish are nndoubledly destined to furnish an important item in the future 

 commerce of Oregon. At the present time they supply the principal food 

 of its inhabitants, both Indians and whites. Among the different varieties 

 abounding in these streams, salmon and salmon trout claim the precedence, 

 both in numbers and qualities. 



Tiiese delicious fish attain a size seldom surpassed, and are found in 

 every accessible river and creek. The bays, harbors, and mouths of rivers 

 are also thronged with cod, herring, sturgeon, and occasionally whales, 

 while vast quantities of oysters, clams, lobsters, «Slc., may be obtained along 

 the coast. 



Next to fish, in connection with the rivers, the extraordinary number of 

 aquatic birds arrests the attention. Tiiese consist of geese, brants, ducks 

 (of three or four varieties,) swans, pelicans, and gulls. 



At certain seasons, they t!n-ong the rivers, creeks, lakes, and ponds, at 

 different parts, in innumerable multitudes, and nut only keep the waters in 

 constant turmoil from their nautic exercises and sports, but fill the air with 

 the wild clamor of their incessant quackings. An expert sportsman may 

 kill hundreds of them in a few hours. 



So abundant are they that their feathers may be obtained of the Indians 

 in any requisite quantity, for a trifling consideration— in all respects equal, 

 for bedding, to tiiose procured from domes:^icated geese and ducks. 



In regard to harbors, the natural advantages of Oregon are not equal to 

 those of California; though, as the country becomes settled, tl;c ingenuity 

 of man will speedily atone for these apparent deficiencies; and if she has 

 not the matchless basin of the Bay of San Francisco, she has other locali- 

 ties upon her sea hoard that, with a small expenditure of money and effort, 

 may be made secure and adapted to all her commercial requirements. 



It is much to be regretted, however, that the Columbia alibrds not an 

 easy and secure entrance for ships Iroui the Ocean, as this will undoubted- 

 ly become the most iinporttint point of the whole coast. 



At present, the mouth of this river, between Foiuts Adams and Hancock, 

 is partially blocked up by large sand-bars, deposited by the current, and 

 maintaieed in their places through the repulsive action of the sea-waves. 



I[(nv l^r these impediments may operate to the future detriment of com- 

 merce, romams to be seen. Unless some remedy should be adopted, the 

 harbor of this great embryo depot of Western trade wall cont'nue to oppose 

 a diihcult entrance. 



The estuaries of the Umpqua and Rogue rivers are more difficult of ac- 



