43 



The monodactyle Horse is a better and swifter beast of 

 draught and burthen than its tridactyle predecessor the mio- 

 cene Hipparion could have been. The nearer to a Tapir or a 

 Rhinoceros in structure, the further would an equine quadruped 

 be left from the goal in contending with a modern Racer. 



With respect to the geographical distribution of the hoofed 

 Mammalia, I may first remark that the order Ruminantia is 

 principally represented by Old World species, of which 162 

 have been defined ; only 24 species have been discovered in 

 the New World, and none in Australia, New Guinea, New 

 Zealand, or the Polynesian Isles. 



The Camelopard is now peculiar to Africa ; the Musk-deer 

 to Africa and Asia : out of about 50 defined species of Ante- 

 lope, only one is known in America, and none in the central 

 and southern divisions of the New World. The Bison of 

 North America is distinct from the Bison of Europe. The 

 Musk-ox, peculiar for its limitation to high northern latitudes, 

 is the sole bovine species that roams over the arctic coasts of 

 both Asia and America. The Deer-tribe are more widely distri- 

 buted. The Camels and Dromedaries of the Old World are 

 represented by the Llamas and Vicugnas of the New. As, in 

 regard to a former (tertiary) zoological period, the fossil 

 Camelidce of Asia are of the genus Camelus, so those of 

 America are of the genus Auchenia. This geographical 

 restriction ruled prior to any evidence of man's existence. 



Palaeontology has expanded our knowledge of the range of 

 the Giraffe ; during miocene or old pliocene periods, species of 

 Camelopardalis roamed in Asia and Europe. Passing to the 

 non-ruminant Artiodactyles, geology has also taught us that 

 the Hippopotamus was not always confined, as now, to African 

 rivers, but bathed, during pliocene times, in those of Asia and 

 Europe. But no evidence has yet been had that the Giraffe 

 or Hippopotamus were ever other than Old- World forms of 

 Ungulata. 



With respect to the Hog-tribe, we find that the true Swine 

 (Sus) of the Old World are represented by Peccaries (Dico- 



